The/at Summary/nn-tl Report/nn-tl On/in-tl Desegregation/nn-tl Progress/nn-tl In/in-tl Education/nn-tl In/in-tl The/at-tl Middle-South/jj-tl Region/nn-tl ,/, 1959/cd-tl -/in-tl 1960/cd-tl ''/'' clearly/rb shows/vbz two/cd pieces/nns of/in information/nn ./.
The/at Summary/nn-tl Report/nn-tl ,/, which/wdt was/bedz prepared/vbn for/in this/dt Conference/nn-tl ,/, indicates/vbz ,/, first/rb ,/, that/cs actual/jj or/cc pending/jj school/nn desegregation/nn is/bez increasing/vbg ;/. ;/.
second/rb ,/, that/cs both/abx actual/jj and/cc pending/jj desegregation/nn is/bez ,/, with/in few/ap exceptions/nns ,/, the/at product/nn or/cc result/nn of/in court/nn order/nn ./.
The/at Report/nn-tl together/rb with/in other/ap information/nn suggests/vbz that/cs desegregation/nn in/in the/at schools/nns is/bez slow/jj ./.


	The/at Middle-South/jj-tl Region/nn-tl ,/, as/cs defined/vbn by/in the/at National/jj-tl Association/nn-tl of/in-tl Intergroup/jj-tl Relations/nns-tl Officials/nns-tl (/( NAIRO/np )/) ,/, consists/vbz of/in the/at states/nns of/in Kentucky/np ,/, Maryland/np ,/, Tennessee/np ,/, West/jj-tl Virginia/np-tl ,/, Delaware/np ,/, Virginia/np and/cc the/at District/nn-tl of/in-tl Columbia/np-tl ./.
The/at states/nns and/cc the/at Nation's/nn$-tl Capital/nn-tl all/abn have/hv some/dti desegregation/nn ,/, in/in fact/nn some/dti dating/vbg back/rb to/in 1954/cd ;/. ;/.
but/cc the/at region/nn also/rb embraces/vbz some/dti of/in the/at staunchest/jjt opposition/nn ./.
Desegregation/nn has/hvz been/ben opposed/vbn by/in massive/jj resistance/nn ,/, interposition/nn ,/, pupil/nn assignment/nn (/( with/in no/at assignments/nns of/in Negro/np children/nns )/) ,/, and/cc hate/nn bombings/nns ./.



Desegregation/nn-hl and/cc-hl court/nn-hl order/nn-hl 
Now/rb let's/vb+ppo look/vb at/in the/at evidence/nn that/wps shows/vbz the/at increase/nn in/in desegregation/nn and/cc such/jj increase/nn as/cs a/at result/nn of/in court/nn order/nn ./.
First/rb Kentucky/np ./.
Elementary/jj school/nn desegregation/nn came/vbd to/in Owen/np and/cc Union/nn-tl Counties/nns-tl ,/, which/wdt already/rb had/hvd high/jj school/nn desegregation/nn ./.
The/at action/nn was/bedz a/at result/nn of/in a/at court/nn order/nn ,/, the/at citation/nn for/in which/wdt (/( and/cc for/in other/ap court/nn action/nn mentioned/vbn in/in this/dt paper/nn )/) is/bez taken/vbn from/in the/at Summary/nn-tl Report/nn-tl for/in this/dt Conference/nn-tl ./.
In/in Maryland/np the/at Harford/np-tl County/nn-tl Board/nn-tl of/in-tl Education/nn-tl had/hvd prepared/vbn a/at desegregation/nn plan/nn which/wdt the/at Court/nn-tl approved/vbd but/cc which/wdt a/at plaintiff/nn had/hvd challenged/vbn ;/. ;/.
thus/rb ,/, county/nn school/nn board/nn and/cc Federal/jj-tl court/nn joined/vbd hands/nns here/rb to/to promote/vb school/nn desegregation/nn ./.


	Additional/jj school/nn desegregation/nn in/in Tennessee/np resulted/vbd from/in a/at court/nn order/nn opening/vbg a/at school/nn serving/vbg children/nns of/in military/jj personnel/nns ./.
Similarly/rb ,/, further/ap desegregation/nn may/md come/vb from/in suits/nns pending/jj in/in three/cd Tennessee/np cities/nns ,/, Chattanooga/np ,/, Knoxville/np ,/, and/cc Memphis/np ./.
In/in West/jj-tl Virginia/np-tl the/at number/nn of/in white/jj and/cc Negro/np children/nns attending/vbg the/at same/ap school/nn has/hvz increased/vbn almost/ql twofold/rb ./.
There/ex are/ber no/at court/nn decisions/nns here/rb ./.


	As/cs in/in Maryland/np ,/, a/at District/nn-tl court/nn has/hvz approved/vbn an/at official/jj plan/nn of/in school/nn desegregation/nn in/in Delaware/np ./.
As/cs a/at result/nn of/in the/at State/nn-tl Board/nn-tl of/in-tl Education/nn-tl plan/nn ,/, Negro/np children/nns entered/vbd heretofore/rb white/jj elementary/jj schools/nns in/in five/cd districts/nns ./.
The/at Third/od-tl Circuit/nn-tl Court/nn-tl of/in-tl Appeals/nns-tl is/bez reviewing/vbg an/at appeal/nn from/in the/at plan/nn ./.


	In/in Virginia/np court/nn orders/nns led/vbd to/in desegregation/nn in/in Charlottesville/np-tl and/cc Floyd/np-tl Counties/nns-tl ./.
Desegregation/nn in/in Pulaski/np-tl County/nn-tl is/bez pending/in because/rb of/in court/nn order/nn ,/, although/cs date/nn of/in admission/nn is/bez not/* yet/rb determined/vbn ./.
Negro/np parents/nns have/hv filed/vbn application/nn for/in admission/nn of/in additional/jj children/nns to/in schools/nns in/in Alexandria/np ,/, Arlington/np ,/, Fairfax/np ,/, and/cc Warren/np-tl Counties/nns-tl ./.
Desegregation/nn can/md also/rb result/vb from/in additional/jj suits/nns brought/vbn by/in Negro/np plaintiffs/nns against/in school/nn boards/nns in/in Newport/np News/np ,/, Fairfax/np-tl County/nn-tl ,/, Arlington/np-tl County/nn-tl ,/, and/cc Norfolk/np ./.


	As/cs a/at school/nn district/nn ,/, the/at District/nn-tl of/in-tl Columbia/np-tl has/hvz had/hvn desegregated/vbn schools/nns since/in 1954/cd ,/, shortly/rb after/in the/at Supreme/jj-tl Court/nn-tl decision/nn ./.


	This/dt recapitulation/nn makes/vbz it/ppo clear/jj that/cs school/nn desegregation/nn continues/vbz ,/, including/in the/at Old/jj-tl Dominion/nn-tl State/nn-tl ,/, in/in spite/nn of/in its/pp$ stern/jj resistance/nn ./.
The/at record/nn is/bez clear/jj that/cs increase/nn in/in school/nn desegregation/nn last/ap year/nn came/vbd largely/rb as/cs a/at result/nn of/in a/at court/nn order/nn ;/. ;/.
that/cs on/in the/at immediate/jj horizon/nn ,/, if/cs further/ap large-scale/nn (/( relatively/rb speaking/vbg )/) desegregation/nn comes/vbz ,/, it/pps will/md result/vb from/in court/nn orders/nns on/in suits/nns filed/vbn in/in several/ap Middle-South/jj states/nns ./.
Knowledge/nn that/cs thousands/nns of/in school/nn districts/nns are/ber involved/vbn and/cc observation/nn that/cs school/nn desegregation/nn has/hvz occurred/vbn in/in only/rb a/at handful/nn in/in 1959-1960/cd leads/vbz to/in a/at conclusion/nn that/dt desegregation-from-court-order/nn is/bez slow/jj ./.


	Before/cs turning/vbg to/in my/pp$ views/nns as/in to/in the/at problems/nns and/cc issues/nns before/in us/ppo at/in this/dt Regional/jj-tl Conference/nn-tl ,/, I/ppss wish/vb to/to note/vb a/at small/jj item/nn in/in the/at Summary/nn-tl Report/nn-tl as/cs it/pps refers/vbz to/in the/at District/nn-tl of/in-tl Columbia/np-tl ./.
That/dt reference/nn in/in the/at Report/nn-tl is/bez ``/`` continuation/nn of/in the/at trend/nn toward/in an/at all-Negro/jj school/nn system/nn ''/'' ,/, a/at remark/nn apparently/rb occasioned/vbn by/in the/at increase/nn of/in Negro/np school/nn population/nn from/in 74.1/cd per/in cent/nn to/in 76.7/cd per/in cent/nn ./.
I/ppss see/vb no/at real/jj prospects/nns for/in an/at all-Negro/jj school/nn population/nn ./.
West/nr of/in Rock/nn-tl Creek/nn-tl Park/nn-tl is/bez still/rb monolithically/rb white/jj and/cc is/bez in/in fact/nn increasingly/rb white/jj as/cs a/at result/nn of/in Georgetown's/np$ conversion-by-renovation/nn housing/vbg program/nn ./.
Nearby/jj Foggy/jj-tl Bottom/nn-tl is/bez ousting/vbg Negroes/nps ./.
The/at large/jj acreage/nn in/in the/at Southwest/jj-tl Redevelopment/nn-tl area/nn beckons/vbz white/jj people/nns --/-- what/wdt with/in high-priced/jj town/nn houses/nns and/cc elevator/nn apartments/nns ./.
The/at Capitol/nn-tl Hill/nn-tl rehabilitation/nn ,/, like/cs Foggy/jj-tl Bottom/nn-tl ,/, replaces/vbz Negroes/nps with/in whites/nns (/( but/cc also/rb replaces/vbz some/dti whites/nns with/in other/ap whites/nns )/) ./.


	The/at sharpest/jjt break/nn with/in tradition/nn ,/, the/at past/nn and/cc present/nn of/in ``/`` White/jj Ring/nn Around/in a/at Black/jj Core/nn ''/'' ,/, may/md come/vb with/in the/at opening/nn of/in nearby/jj Montgomery/np-tl County/nn-tl suburbs/nns to/in Negro/np residents/nns and/cc ,/, presumably/rb ,/, the/at consequent/jj conclusion/nn of/in some/dti whites/nns that/cs they/ppss cannot/md* escape/vb the/at Negro/np by/in fleeing/vbg to/in the/at suburbs/nns ./.
In/in fact/nn ,/, short/jj of/in fleeing/vbg to/in Warrenton/np ,/, Virginia/np ,/, or/cc Rockville/np ,/, Maryland/np ,/, white/jj people/nns may/md have/hv to/to live/vb with/in Negroes/nps ./.
All/abn of/in this/dt must/md be/be taken/vbn into/in account/nn before/cs the/at image/nn of/in an/at ``/`` all-Negro/jj ''/'' D.C./np public/jj school/nn system/nn is/bez conjured/vbn up/rp ./.



Problems/nns-hl to/to-hl solve/vb-hl 
From/in the/at Summary/nn-tl Report/nn-tl before/in us/ppo at/in this/dt Conference/nn-tl ,/, a/at number/nn of/in problems/nns are/ber apparent/jj ./.
They/ppss vex/vb us/ppo and/cc perplex/vb us/ppo but/cc generally/rb do/do not/* divide/vb us/ppo like/cs the/at issues/nns which/wdt follow/vb the/at problems/nns ./.


	First/rb ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss step/vb up/rp the/at desegregation/nn movement/nn ?/. ?/.
It/pps is/bez slow/jj ./.
I/ppss believe/vb we/ppss all/abn want/vb more/ap schools/nns where/wrb white/jj and/cc Negro/np together/rb can/md and/cc do/do attend/vb ./.
I/ppss believe/vb we/ppss all/abn want/vb no/at child/nn denied/vbn admission/nn to/in a/at school/nn on/in account/nn of/in his/pp$ color/nn ./.
In/in general/jj ,/, members/nns of/in NAIRO/nn would/md certainly/rb want/vb a/at child/nn admitted/vbn to/in a/at school/nn nearest/in his/pp$ residence/nn or/cc within/in his/pp$ residence/nn zone/nn ./.
How/wrb to/to achieve/vb this/dt objective/nn is/bez a/at problem/nn ,/, but/cc we/ppss are/ber not/* divided/vbn on/in what/wdt we/ppss want/vb ./.


	Second/rb ,/, as/cs we/ppss increase/vb the/at number/nn of/in desegregated/vbn school/nn districts/nns and/cc schools/nns themselves/ppls ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss achieve/vb this/dt action/nn through/in school/nn board/nn action/nn ?/. ?/.
It/pps may/md be/be county/nn school/nn board/nn or/cc state/nn school/nn board/nn action/nn ,/, as/ql well/rb as/cs that/dt of/in municipal/jj school/nn boards/nns ./.
Correlatively/rb ,/, can/md we/ppss reduce/vb the/at role/nn of/in the/at district/nn courts/nns ,/, so/cs that/cs the/at action/nn is/bez that/dt of/in the/at people/nns of/in the/at community/nn or/cc other/ap school/nn district/nn and/cc not/* that/dt of/in the/at law/nn court/nn ?/. ?/.
This/dt is/bez a/at problem/nn ,/, and/cc I/ppss believe/vb there/ex is/bez little/ap difference/nn of/in opinion/nn that/cs wherever/wrb possible/jj a/at local/jj school/nn board/nn should/md devise/vb and/cc effect/vb a/at plan/nn of/in desegregation/nn ./.


	Third/rb ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss insure/vb a/at systematic/jj and/cc continuing/vbg group/nn relations/nns education/nn in/in the/at schools/nns ?/. ?/.
Not/* simply/rb a/at brief/jj program/nn when/wrb the/at schools/nns are/ber actually/rb desegregated/vbn but/cc a/at continuing/vbg program/nn that/wps also/rb promotes/vbz integration/nn ,/, that/wps encourages/vbz the/at children/nns and/cc teachers/nns not/* to/to look/vb at/in each/dt other/ap as/cs white/jj or/cc Negro/np ,/, but/cc as/cs human/jj beings/nns ./.
Again/rb the/at problem/nn is/bez how/wrb to/to get/vb it/ppo done/vbn and/cc in/in what/wdt form/nn to/to offer/vb the/at group/nn relations/nns education/nn ;/. ;/.
not/* whether/cs it/pps should/md be/be done/vbn ./.


	Fourth/rb ,/, in/in the/at segregated/vbn school/nn system/nn ,/, during/in the/at period/nn before/in desegregation/nn ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss assure/vb equal/jj opportunity/nn ?/. ?/.
In/in fact/nn ,/, in/in the/at desegregated/vbn school/nn system/nn which/wdt may/md have/hv a/at good/jj many/ap schools/nns with/in all-Negro/jj population/nn ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss assure/vb equal/jj opportunity/nn ?/. ?/.
This/dt is/bez a/at problem/nn ,/, but/cc we/ppss are/ber not/* divided/vbn over/in its/pp$ importance/nn or/cc by/in its/pp$ existence/nn ./.


	Fifth/rb ,/, in/in the/at segregated/vbn school/nn system/nn or/cc in/in the/at all-Negro/jj or/cc all-white/jj schools/nns ,/, how/wrb can/md we/ppss encourage/vb better/jjr group/nn relations/nns or/cc an/at improved/vbn attitude/nn toward/in people/nns who/wps do/do not/* belong/vb to/in the/at group/nn ?/. ?/.
Can/md we/ppss help/vb children/nns adjust/vb to/in ``/`` images/nns of/in other/ap children/nns ''/'' when/wrb the/at latter/ap are/ber not/* actually/rb present/rb ./.



Now/rb-hl ,/,-hl the/at-hl issues/nns-hl 
If/cs we/ppss have/hv five/cd problems/nns whose/wp$ solution/nn we/ppss seek/vb in/in relatively/ql united/vbn fashion/nn ,/, then/rb there/ex are/ber twice/rb as/cs many/ap issues/nns which/wdt ,/, I/ppss judge/vb ,/, sharply/rb divide/vb us/ppo ,/, intergroup/jj relations/nns practitioners/nns and/cc lay/jj people/nns ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 1/cd-hl ./.-hl
Pupil/nn-hl assignment/nn-hl ./.-hl

Since/cs on/in the/at one/cd hand/nn school/nn desegregation/nn has/hvz come/vbn in/in Virginia/np hand-in-glove/rb with/in pupil/nn assignment/nn ,/, shall/md we/ppss support/vb the/at plan/nn ?/. ?/.
On/in the/at basis/nn of/in pupil/nn assignment/nn criteria/nns ,/, Judge/nn-tl Albert/np Bryan/np has/hvz assigned/vbn Negro/np children/nns to/in formerly/rb white/jj schools/nns in/in Arlington/np and/cc Alexandria/np ,/, Virginia/np ./.
Shall/md we/ppss support/vb pupil/nn assignment/nn ?/. ?/.
On/in the/at other/ap hand/nn ,/, looking/vbg at/in the/at larger/jjr picture/nn ,/, is/bez it/pps true/jj that/cs pupil/nn assignment/nn has/hvz effectively/rb cut/vbn off/rp ,/, blocked/vbn ,/, or/cc reduced/vbn school/nn desegregation/nn to/in a/at ``/`` trickle/nn ''/'' ?/. ?/.
Shall/md we/ppss therefore/rb oppose/vb the/at plan/nn ?/. ?/.
This/dt question/nn is/bez an/at issue/nn because/cs it/pps likely/rb divides/vbz us/ppo into/in two/cd camps/nns --/-- those/dts for/in or/cc against/in pupil/nn assignment/nn ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 2/cd-hl ./.-hl
Teacher/nn-hl assignment/nn-hl in/in-hl order/nn-hl to/to-hl desegregate/vb-hl ./.-hl

In/in large/jj cities/nns like/cs Baltimore/np ,/, Louisville/np ,/, and/cc Washington/np ,/, D.C./np ,/, should/md school/vb desegregation/nn be/be extended/vbn to/in all-Negro/jj and/cc all-white/jj schools/nns by/in assigning/vbg white/jj and/cc Negro/np teachers/nns ,/, respectively/rb ?/. ?/.
On/in the/at one/cd hand/nn do/do we/ppss argue/vb the/at Supreme/jj-tl Court/nn-tl decision/nn required/vbd only/rb that/cs a/at child/nn not/* be/be denied/vbn admission/nn to/in a/at school/nn on/in account/nn of/in his/pp$ race/nn ?/. ?/.
Or/cc should/md we/ppss argue/vb that/cs if/cs we/ppss want/vb adjustment/nn of/in children/nns to/in children/nns of/in different/jj races/nns and/cc that/cs that/dt is/bez impossible/jj in/in an/at all-something-or-the-other/jj school/nn ,/, we/ppss must/md at/in least/ap provide/vb him/ppo some/dti opportunity/nn to/to adjust/vb to/in people/nns of/in another/dt race/nn within/in the/at school/nn --/-- namely/rb ,/, to/in a/at teacher/nn of/in another/dt race/nn ./.
We/ppss can/md argue/vb that/cs where/wrb residence/nn makes/vbz pupil/nn desegregation/nn impossible/jj teacher/nn assignment/nn can/md create/vb a/at partially/rb desegregated/vbn situation/nn ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 3/cd-hl ./.-hl
The/at-hl plaintiff/nn-hl in/in-hl school/nn-hl desegregation/nn-hl cases/nns-hl ./.-hl

The/at earlier/jjr part/nn of/in my/pp$ statement/nn deals/vbz with/in the/at court/nn orders/nns that/wps resulted/vbd in/in desegregation/nn ./.
In/in each/dt instance/nn the/at plaintiff/nn was/bedz a/at private/jj citizen/nn ./.
In/in thousands/nns of/in school/nn districts/nns ,/, indeed/rb ,/, in/in the/at entire/jj State/nn-tl of/in-tl Mississippi/np-tl ,/, no/at plaintiff/nn has/hvz come/vbn forth/rb ./.
And/cc I/ppss have/hv established/vbn that/cs the/at action/nn of/in municipal/jj ,/, county/nn ,/, or/cc state/nn school/nn boards/nns or/cc boards/nns of/in education/nn is/bez small/jj ,/, infinitesimally/ql small/jj in/in comparison/nn with/in the/at number/nn of/in districts/nns ./.
Is/bez the/at requirement/nn that/cs the/at plaintiff/nn be/be a/at person/nn actually/rb denied/vbn admission/nn to/in a/at school/nn a/at sound/jj requirement/nn ?/. ?/.
Should/md Congress/np authorize/vb the/at Attorney/nn-tl General/jj-tl to/to file/vb suit/nn to/to accomplish/vb admission/nn of/in a/at child/nn to/in a/at school/nn to/in which/wdt he/pps is/bez denied/vbn entrance/nn ?/. ?/.
Even/rb though/cs in/in civil/jj rights/nns legislation/nn in/in 1957/cd and/cc 1960/cd the/at provision/nn for/in the/at Attorney/nn-tl General/jj-tl to/in act/nn was/bedz eliminated/vbn ,/, should/md we/ppss nevertheless/rb support/vb such/abl a/at clause/nn ?/. ?/.
This/dt is/bez an/at issue/nn ,/, for/cs it/pps divides/vbz people/nns rather/ql sharply/rb ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 4/cd-hl ./.-hl
Withholding/vbg-hl of/in-hl funds/nns-hl to/in-hl schools/nns-hl that/wps-hl deny/vb-hl children/nns-hl on/in-hl account/nn-hl of/in-hl race/nn-hl ./.-hl

This/dt is/bez the/at Powell/np-tl Amendment/nn-tl ,/, which/wdt in/in 1957/cd divided/vbd even/rb a/at ``/`` liberal/jj ''/'' group/nn like/cs the/at American/jj-tl Veterans/nns-tl Committee/nn-tl (/( AVC/np )/) ./.
Should/md we/ppss support/vb a/at clause/nn in/in Federal/jj-tl school/nn construction/nn or/cc school/nn assistance/nn legislation/nn that/wps would/md deny/vb Federal/jj-tl funds/nns to/in a/at school/nn district/nn that/wps denies/vbz admission/nn to/in a/at child/nn on/in account/nn of/in his/pp$ race/nn ?/. ?/.
This/dt is/bez softer/jjr than/cs earlier/jjr Powell/np amendments/nns which/wdt would/md have/hv denied/vbn funds/nns to/in all/abn segregated/vbn school/nn districts/nns ./.
There/ex is/bez nonetheless/rb considerable/jj argument/nn against/in the/at clause/nn ,/, softened/vbn though/cs it/pps be/be ,/, on/in the/at grounds/nns that/cs Federal/jj-tl aid/nn is/bez so/ql necessary/jj to/in the/at public/jj schools/nns ./.
The/at Federal/jj-tl funds/nns limitation/nn enlists/vbz the/at support/nn of/in many/ap ,/, the/at opposition/nn of/in quite/abl a/at few/ap ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 5/cd-hl ./.-hl
Required/vbn-hl public/jj-hl education/nn-hl ./.-hl

Should/md a/at political/jj subdivision/nn ,/, state/nn or/cc county/nn or/cc municipality/nn ,/, be/be required/vbn to/to furnish/vb public/jj education/nn ?/. ?/.
For/in the/at school/nn year/nn ,/, 1959-1960/cd ,/, the/at Prince/nn-tl Edward/np-tl County/nn-tl (/( Virginia/np )/) Board/nn-tl of/in-tl Supervisors/nns-tl voted/vbd not/* to/to provide/vb funds/nns for/in public/jj education/nn ,/, and/cc the/at school/nn board/nn therefore/rb could/md provide/vb no/at public/jj education/nn --/-- for/in white/jj or/cc Negro/np children/nns ./.
Is/bez public/jj education/nn in/in this/dt American/jj democracy/nn of/in such/jj importance/nn that/cs no/at child/nn should/md be/be denied/vbn public/jj education/nn ?/. ?/.
Or/cc is/bez this/dt subject/nn a/at matter/nn of/in self-determination/nn ,/, a/at matter/nn of/in states/nns rights/nns or/cc county/nn rights/nns ?/. ?/.
If/cs people/nns don't/do* want/vb to/to provide/vb public/jj education/nn ,/, should/md they/ppss be/be forced/vbn to/to do/do so/rb ?/. ?/.
Even/rb if/cs we/ppss marshal/vb substantial/jj agreement/nn behind/in mandatory/jj public/jj education/nn ,/, we/ppss likely/rb cannot/md* expect/vb that/cs all/abn the/at states/nns will/md enact/vb the/at legislation/nn ./.
Should/md the/at requirement/nn ,/, which/wdt must/md therefore/rb be/be Federal/jj-tl in/in nature/nn ,/, be/be legislated/vbn by/in the/at United/vbn-tl States/nns-tl Congress/np-tl ?/. ?/.
Or/cc must/md it/ppo become/vb law/nn by/in amendment/nn of/in the/at United/vbn-tl States/nns-tl Constitution/nn-tl ?/. ?/.
We/ppss actually/rb have/hv two/cd issues/nns in/in this/dt question/nn --/-- goal/nn and/cc method/nn ./.
Issue/nn-hl no./nn-hl 6/cd-hl ./.-hl
Federal/jj-tl-hl responsibility/nn-hl for/in-hl education/nn-hl of/in-hl the/at-hl citizens/nns-hl ./.-hl

If/cs the/at above/jj issue/nn is/bez settled/vbn by/in requiring/vbg public/jj education/nn for/in all/abn citizens/nns ,/, Issue/nn-tl No./nn-tl 6/cd-tl may/md be/be moot/jj ./.
If/cs ,/, on/in the/at other/ap hand/nn ,/, it/pps is/bez not/* settled/vbn ,/, or/cc while/cs it/pps is/bez being/beg debated/vbn and/cc resolved/vbn ,/, does/doz the/at Federal/jj-tl government/nn have/hv a/at responsibility/nn in/in situations/nns like/cs that/dt in/in Prince/nn-tl Edward/np-tl County/nn-tl ?/. ?/.
Nearly/rb half/abn the/at children/nns still/rb receive/vb no/at education/nn ./.
Must/md or/cc should/md the/at Federal/jj-tl government/nn help/vb ?/. ?/.
Should/md the/at government/nn directly/rb provide/vb education/nn for/in the/at children/nns who/wps want/vb public/jj education/nn ?/. ?/.