cg59

For/cs by/in now/rb the/at original/jj cause/nn of/in the/at quarrel/nn ,/, Philip's/np$ seizure/nn of/in Gascony/np ,/, was/bedz only/rb one/cd strand/nn in/in the/at spider/nn web/nn of/in French/jj interests/nns that/wps overlay/vbd all/abn western/jj Europe/np and/cc that/dt had/hvd been/ben so/ql well/rb and/cc closely/rb spun/vbn that/cs the/at lightest/jjt movement/nn could/md set/vb it/ppo trembling/vbg from/in one/cd end/nn to/in the/at other/ap ./.
Even/rb so/rb ,/, Edward's/np$ ambassadors/nns can/md scarcely/rb have/hv foreseen/vbn that/cs five/cd years/nns of/in unremitting/jj work/nn lay/vbd ahead/rb of/in them/ppo before/cs peace/nn was/bedz finally/rb made/vbn and/cc that/cs when/wrb it/pps did/dod come/vb the/at countless/jj embassies/nns that/wps left/vbd England/np for/in Rome/np during/in that/dt period/nn had/hvd very/ql little/ap to/to do/do with/in it/ppo ./.


	It/pps is/bez hard/jj not/* to/to lay/vb most/ap of/in the/at blame/nn for/in their/pp$ failures/nns on/in the/at pope/nn ./.
Nogaret/np is/bez hardly/rb an/at impartial/jj witness/nn ,/, and/cc even/rb he/pps did/dod not/* make/vb his/pp$ charges/nns against/in Boniface/np until/cs the/at latter/ap was/bedz dead/jj ,/, but/cc there/ex is/bez some/dti truth/nn in/in what/wdt he/pps said/vbd and/cc more/ap in/in what/wdt he/pps did/dod not/* say/vb ./.
It/pps was/bedz not/* merely/rb a/at hunger/nn for/in ``/`` money/nn ,/, gold/nn and/cc precious/jj objects/nns ''/'' that/wps delayed/vbd the/at papal/jj pronouncement/nn that/wps could/md have/hv brought/vbn the/at war/nn to/in an/at end/nn ;/. ;/.
the/at pope/nn was/bedz playing/vbg a/at dangerous/jj game/nn ,/, with/in so/ql many/ap balls/nns in/in the/at air/nn at/in once/rb that/cs a/at misstep/nn would/md bring/vb them/ppo all/abn about/in his/pp$ ears/nns ,/, and/cc his/pp$ only/ap hope/nn was/bedz to/to temporize/vb so/cs that/cs he/pps could/md take/vb advantage/nn of/in every/at change/nn in/in the/at delicate/jj balance/nn of/in European/jj affairs/nns ./.
When/wrb the/at negotiations/nns began/vbd ,/, his/pp$ quarrel/nn with/in the/at king/nn of/in France/np was/bedz temporarily/rb in/in abeyance/nn ,/, and/cc he/pps had/hvd no/at intention/nn of/in reviving/vbg it/ppo so/ql long/rb as/cs there/ex was/bedz hope/nn that/cs French/jj money/nn would/md come/vb to/to pay/vb the/at troops/nns who/wps ,/, under/in Charles/np-tl of/in-tl Valois/np-tl ,/, the/at papal/jj vicar/nn of/in Tuscany/np ,/, were/bed so/ql valuable/jj in/in the/at crusade/nn against/in the/at Colonna/np cardinals/nns and/cc their/pp$ Sicilian/jj allies/nns ./.
If/cs his/pp$ circumspection/nn in/in regard/nn to/in Philip's/np$ sensibilities/nns went/vbd so/ql far/rb that/cs he/pps even/rb refused/vbd to/to grant/vb a/at dispensation/nn for/in the/at marriage/nn of/in Amadee's/np$ daughter/nn ,/, Agnes/np ,/, to/in the/at son/nn of/in the/at dauphin/nn of/in Vienne/np --/-- a/at truly/ql peacemaking/jj move/nn according/in to/in thirteenth-century/nn ideas/nns ,/, for/cs Savoy/np and/cc Dauphine/np were/bed as/cs usual/jj fighting/vbg on/in opposite/jj sides/nns --/-- for/cs fear/nn that/cs he/pps might/md seem/vb to/to be/be favoring/vbg the/at anti-French/jj coalition/nn ,/, he/pps would/md certainly/rb never/rb take/vb the/at far/ql more/ql drastic/jj step/nn of/in ordering/vbg the/at return/nn of/in Gascony/np to/in Edward/np ,/, even/rb though/rb ,/, as/cs he/pps admitted/vbd to/in the/at English/jj ambassadors/nns ,/, he/pps had/hvd been/ben advised/vbn that/cs the/at original/jj cession/nn was/bedz invalid/jj ./.
On/in the/at other/ap hand/nn ,/, he/pps did/dod not/* want/vb to/to offend/vb Edward/np either/rb ,/, and/cc he/pps found/vbd himself/ppl in/in a/at very/ql difficult/jj position/nn ./.
On/in the/at surface/nn ,/, the/at whole/jj question/nn was/bedz purely/ql feudal/jj ./.
The/at French/nps were/bed now/rb occupying/vbg Gascony/np and/cc Flanders/np on/in the/at technical/jj grounds/nns that/cs their/pp$ rulers/nns had/hvd forfeited/vbn them/ppo by/in a/at breach/nn of/in the/at feudal/jj contract/nn ./.
But/cc Edward/np was/bedz invading/vbg Scotland/np for/in precisely/rb the/at same/ap reason/nn ,/, and/cc his/pp$ insubordinate/jj vassal/nn was/bedz the/at ally/nn of/in the/at king/nn of/in France/np ./.
Boniface/np had/hvd to/to uphold/vb the/at sacredness/nn of/in the/at feudal/jj contract/nn at/in all/abn costs/nns ,/, for/cs it/pps was/bedz only/rb as/cs suzerain/nn of/in Sicily/np and/cc of/in the/at Patrimony/nn-tl of/in-tl Peter/np-tl that/cs he/pps had/hvd any/dti justification/nn for/in his/pp$ Italian/jj wars/nns ,/, but/cc in/in the/at English-Scottish-French/jj triangle/nn it/pps was/bedz almost/ql impossible/jj for/in him/ppo to/to recognize/vb the/at claims/nns of/in any/dti one/cd of/in the/at contestants/nns without/in seeming/vbg to/to invalidate/vb those/dts of/in the/at other/ap two/cd ./.


	Because/rb of/in these/dts involvements/nns in/in the/at matter/nn at/in stake/nn ,/, Boniface/np lacked/vbd the/at impartiality/nn that/wps is/bez supposed/vbn to/to be/be an/at essential/jj qualification/nn for/in the/at position/nn of/in arbiter/nn ,/, and/cc in/in retrospect/nn that/wps would/md seem/vb to/to be/be sufficient/jj reason/nn why/wrb the/at English/jj embassies/nns to/in the/at Curia/np proved/vbd so/ql fruitless/jj ./.
But/cc when/wrb the/at situation/nn was/bedz so/ql complicated/vbn that/cs even/rb Nogaret/np ,/, one/cd of/in the/at principal/jjs actors/nns in/in the/at drama/nn ,/, could/md misinterpret/vb the/at pope's/nn$ motives/nns ,/, it/pps is/bez possible/jj that/cs Othon/np and/cc his/pp$ companions/nns ,/, equally/rb baffled/vbn ,/, attributed/vbd their/pp$ difficulties/nns to/in a/at more/ql immediate/jj cause/nn ./.
This/dt was/bedz Boniface's/np$ monumental/jj tactlessness/nn ./.
``/`` Tact/nn ''/'' ,/, by/in its/pp$ very/ap derivation/nn ,/, implies/vbz that/cs its/pp$ possessor/nn keeps/vbz in/in touch/nn with/in other/ap people/nns ,/, but/cc the/at author/nn of/in Clericis/fw-nns-tl Laicos/fw-nns-tl and/cc-tl Unam/fw-cd-tl Sanctam/fw-jj-tl ,/, the/at wielder/nn of/in the/at two/cd swords/nns ,/, the/at papal/jj sun/nn of/in which/wdt the/at imperial/jj moon/nn was/bedz but/rb a/at dim/jj reflection/nn ,/, the/at peer/nn of/in Caesar/np and/cc vice-regent/nn of/in Christ/np ,/, was/bedz so/ql high/jj above/in other/ap human/jj beings/nns that/cs he/pps had/hvd forgotten/vbn what/wdt they/ppss were/bed like/jj ./.
He/pps was/bedz a/at learned/vbn and/cc brilliant/jj man/nn ,/, one/cd of/in the/at best/jjt jurists/nns in/in Europe/np and/cc with/in flashes/nns of/in penetrating/jj insight/nn ,/, and/cc yet/rb in/in his/pp$ dealings/nns with/in other/ap people/nns ,/, particularly/rb when/wrb he/pps tried/vbd to/to be/be ingratiating/jj ,/, he/pps was/bedz capable/jj of/in an/at abysmal/jj stupidity/nn that/wps can/md have/hv come/vbn only/rb from/in a/at complete/jj incomprehension/nn of/in human/jj nature/nn and/cc human/jj motives/nns ./.


	This/dt lofty/jj disregard/nn for/in others/nns was/bedz not/* shared/vbn by/in such/jj men/nns as/cs Pierre/np Flotte/np and/cc his/pp$ associates/nns ,/, that/dt ``/`` brilliant/jj group/nn of/in mediocre/jj men/nns ''/'' ,/, as/cs Powicke/np calls/vbz them/ppo ,/, who/wps provided/vbd the/at brains/nns for/in the/at French/jj embassy/nn that/wps came/vbd to/in Rome/np under/in the/at nominal/jj leadership/nn of/in the/at archbishop/nn of/in Narbonne/np ,/, the/at duke/nn of/in Burgundy/np ,/, and/cc the/at count/nn of/in St.-Pol/np ./.
They/ppss had/hvd risen/vbn from/in humble/jj beginnings/nns by/in their/pp$ own/jj diligence/nn and/cc astuteness/nn ,/, they/ppss were/bed unfettered/jj by/in the/at codes/nns that/wps bound/vbd nobles/nns like/cs Othon/np or/cc even/rb the/at older/jjr generation/nn of/in clerks/nns like/cs Hotham/np ,/, and/cc they/ppss were/bed working/vbg for/in an/at end/nn that/wpo their/pp$ opponents/nns had/hvd never/rb even/rb visualized/vbn ./.
Boniface/np was/bedz later/rbr to/to explain/vb to/in the/at English/nps that/cs Robert/np-tl of/in-tl Burgundy/np-tl and/cc Guy/np De/np St.-Pol/np were/bed easy/jj enough/qlp to/to do/do business/nn with/in ;/. ;/.
it/pps was/bedz the/at clerks/nns who/wps caused/vbd the/at mischief/nn and/cc who/wps made/vbd him/ppo say/vb that/cs the/at ruling/vbg passion/nn of/in their/pp$ race/nn was/bedz covetousness/nn and/cc that/cs in/in dealing/vbg with/in them/ppo he/pps never/rb knew/vbd whether/cs he/pps had/hvd to/to do/do with/in a/at Frenchman/np or/cc with/in a/at devil/nn ./.
To/in the/at pope/nn ,/, head/nn of/in the/at universal/jj Church/nn-tl ,/, to/in the/at duke/nn of/in Burgundy/np ,/, taking/vbg full/jj advantage/nn of/in his/pp$ position/nn on/in the/at borders/nns of/in France/np and/cc of/in the/at Empire/nn-tl ,/, or/cc to/in Othon/np ,/, who/wps found/vbd it/ppo quite/ql natural/jj that/cs he/pps should/md do/do homage/nn to/in Edward/np for/in Tipperary/np and/cc to/in the/at count/nn of/in Savoy/np for/in Grandson/nn-tl ,/, Flotte's/np$ outspoken/jj nationalism/nn was/bedz completely/ql incomprehensible/jj ./.
And/cc yet/rb he/pps made/vbd no/at pretense/nn about/in it/ppo ;/. ;/.
when/wrb the/at pope/nn ,/, trying/vbg no/at doubt/nn to/to appeal/vb to/in his/pp$ better/jjr nature/nn ,/, said/vbd to/in him/ppo ,/, ``/`` You/ppss have/hv already/rb taken/vbn Normandy/np ./.
Do/do you/ppss want/vb to/to drive/vb the/at king/nn of/in England/np from/in all/abn his/pp$ overseas/jj possessions/nns ''/'' ?/. ?/.
The/at Frenchman's/np$ answer/nn was/bedz a/at terse/jj ``/`` Vous/fw-ppss dites/fw-vb vrai/fw-jj ''/'' ./.
Loyal/jj and/cc unscrupulous/jj ,/, with/in a/at single-minded/jj ambition/nn to/in which/wdt he/pps devoted/vbd all/abn his/pp$ energies/nns ,/, he/pps outmatched/vbd the/at English/jj diplomats/nns time/nn and/cc time/nn again/rb until/cs ,/, by/in a/at kind/nn of/in poetic/jj justice/nn ,/, he/pps fell/vbd at/in the/at battle/nn of/in Courtrai/np ,/, the/at victim/nn of/in the/at equally/ql nationalistic/jj if/cs less/ql articulate/jj Flemings/nps ./.


	The/at English/nps ,/, relying/vbg on/in a/at prejudiced/vbn arbiter/nn and/cc confronted/vbn with/in superior/jj diplomatic/jj skill/nn ,/, were/bed also/rb hampered/vbn in/in their/pp$ negotiations/nns by/in the/at events/nns that/wps were/bed taking/vbg place/nn at/in home/nn ./.
The/at Scots/nps had/hvd found/vbn a/at new/jj leader/nn in/in William/np Wallace/np ,/, and/cc Edward's/np$ yearly/jj expeditions/nns across/in the/at Border/nn-tl called/vbd for/in evermounting/jj taxes/nns ,/, which/wdt only/rb increased/vbd his/pp$ difficulties/nns with/in the/at barons/nns and/cc the/at clergy/nn ./.
He/pps was/bedz unable/jj to/to send/vb any/dti more/ap help/nn to/in his/pp$ allies/nns on/in the/at Continent/nn-tl ,/, and/cc during/in the/at next/ap few/ap years/nns many/ap of/in them/ppo ,/, left/vbn to/to resist/vb French/jj pressure/nn unaided/jj ,/, surrendered/vbd to/in the/at inevitable/jj and/cc made/vbd their/pp$ peace/nn with/in Philip/np ./.
The/at defeat/nn and/cc death/nn of/in Adolf/np-tl of/in-tl Nassau/np-tl at/in the/at hands/nns of/in Albert/np-tl of/in-tl Habsburg/np-tl also/rb worked/vbd to/in the/at disadvantage/nn of/in the/at English/nps ,/, for/cs all/abn the/at efforts/nns to/to revive/vb the/at anti-French/jj coalition/nn came/vbd to/in nothing/pn when/wrb Philip/np made/vbd an/at alliance/nn with/in the/at new/jj king/nn of/in the/at Romans/nps ./.


	These/dts shifts/nns in/in alliance/nn and/cc allegiance/nn not/* only/rb increased/vbn the/at difficulties/nns confronting/vbg the/at English/jj embassy/nn as/cs a/at whole/jj ,/, but/cc also/rb directly/rb involved/vbd the/at two/cd Savoyards/nps ,/, Amadee/np and/cc Othon/np ./.
In/in spite/nn of/in the/at armistice/nn negotiated/vbn by/in Amadee/np two/cd years/nns earlier/rbr ,/, the/at war/nn between/in Bishop/nn-tl Guillaume/np of/in Lausanne/np and/cc Louis/np-tl of/in-tl Savoy/np-tl was/bedz still/rb going/vbg on/rp ,/, and/cc although/cs little/ap is/bez known/vbn about/in it/ppo ,/, that/dt little/ap proves/vbz that/cs it/pps was/bedz yet/rb another/dt phase/nn of/in the/at struggle/nn against/in French/jj expansion/nn and/cc was/bedz closely/rb interwoven/vbn with/in the/at larger/jjr conflict/nn ./.
A/at second/od truce/nn had/hvd been/ben arbitrated/vbn in/in April/np ,/, 1298/cd ,/, by/in Jean/np D'Arlay/np ,/, lord/nn of/in Chalon-sur-Saone/np ,/, the/at most/ql staunch/jj of/in Edward's/np$ Burgundian/jj allies/nns ,/, and/cc these/dts last/ap were/bed represented/vbn in/in the/at discussions/nns at/in the/at Curia/np by/in Gautier/np de/np Montfaucon/np ,/, Othon's/np$ neighbor/nn and/cc a/at member/nn of/in the/at Vaudois/np coalition/nn ./.


	But/cc although/cs in/in many/ap of/in these/dts discussions/nns Othon/np and/cc Amadee/np might/md have/hv been/ben tempted/vbn to/to consider/vb their/pp$ own/jj interests/nns as/ql well/rb as/cs those/dts of/in the/at king/nn ,/, Edward's/np$ confidence/nn in/in them/ppo was/bedz so/ql absolute/jj that/cs they/ppss were/bed made/vbn the/at acknowledged/vbn leaders/nns of/in the/at embassy/nn ./.
Amadee/np may/md have/hv owed/vbn this/dt partly/rb to/in his/pp$ relationship/nn with/in the/at king/nn ,/, but/cc Othon/np ,/, who/wps at/in sixty/cd seems/vbz still/rb to/to have/hv been/ben a/at simple/jj knight/nn ,/, merited/vbd his/pp$ position/nn solely/rb by/in his/pp$ own/jj character/nn and/cc ability/nn ./.
The/at younger/jjr men/nns ,/, Vere/np ,/, and/cc Pembroke/np ,/, who/wps was/bedz also/rb Edward's/np$ cousin/nn and/cc whose/wp$ Lusignan/np blood/nn gave/vbd him/ppo the/at swarthy/jj complexion/nn that/wps caused/vbd Edward/np-tl of/in-tl Carnarvon's/np$-tl irreverent/jj friend/nn ,/, Piers/np Gaveston/np ,/, to/to nickname/vb him/ppo ``/`` Joseph/np-tl the/at-tl Jew/np-tl ''/'' ,/, were/bed relatively/ql new/jj to/in the/at game/nn of/in diplomacy/nn ,/, but/cc Pontissara/np had/hvd been/ben on/in missions/nns to/in Rome/np before/rb ,/, and/cc Hotham/np ,/, a/at man/nn of/in great/jj learning/nn ,/, ``/`` jocund/jj in/in speech/nn ,/, agreeable/jj to/to meet/vb ,/, of/in honest/jj religion/nn ,/, and/cc pleasing/jj in/in the/at eyes/nns of/in all/abn ''/'' ,/, and/cc an/at archbishop/nn to/in boot/nn ,/, was/bedz as/ql reliable/jj and/cc experienced/vbn as/cs Othon/np himself/ppl ./.
But/cc all/abn the/at reports/nns of/in this/dt first/od embassy/nn show/vb that/cs the/at two/cd Savoyards/nps were/bed the/at heads/nns of/in it/ppo ,/, for/cs they/ppss were/bed the/at only/ap ones/nns who/wps were/bed empowered/vbn to/to swear/vb for/in the/at king/nn that/cs he/pps would/md abide/vb by/in the/at pope's/nn$ decision/nn and/cc who/wps were/bed allowed/vbn to/to appoint/vb deputies/nns in/in the/at event/nn that/cs one/cd was/bedz unavoidably/ql absent/jj ./.


	This/dt also/rb gave/vbd them/ppo the/at unpleasant/jj duty/nn of/in being/beg spokesmen/nns for/in the/at mission/nn ,/, and/cc they/ppss could/md foresee/vb that/cs that/dt would/md not/* be/be easy/jj ./.
Underneath/in all/abn the/at high-sounding/jj phrases/nns of/in royal/jj and/cc papal/jj letters/nns and/cc behind/in the/at more/ql down-to-earth/jj instructions/nns to/in the/at envoys/nns was/bedz the/at inescapable/jj fact/nn that/cs Edward/np would/md have/hv to/to desert/vb his/pp$ Flemish/jj allies/nns and/cc leave/vb them/ppo to/in the/at vengeance/nn of/in their/pp$ indignant/jj suzerain/nn ,/, the/at king/nn of/in France/np ,/, in/in return/nn for/in being/beg given/vbn an/at equally/ql free/jj hand/nn with/in the/at insubordinate/jj Scots/nps ./.
This/dt was/bedz a/at doubly/ql bitter/jj blow/nn to/in the/at king/nn ./.
In/in the/at eyes/nns of/in those/dts who/wps still/rb cared/vbn for/in such/jj things/nns ,/, it/pps was/bedz a/at reflection/nn on/in his/pp$ honor/nn ,/, and/cc it/pps gave/vbd further/jjr grounds/nns for/in complaint/nn to/in his/pp$ overtaxed/vbn subjects/nns ,/, who/wps were/bed already/rb grumbling/vbg --/-- although/cs probably/rb not/* in/in Latin/np --/-- ``/`` Non/fw-* est/fw-bez lex/fw-nn sana/fw-jj Quod/fw-wdt regi/fw-nn sit/fw-be mea/fw-pp$ lana/fw-nn ''/'' ./.
Bad/jj relations/nns between/in England/np and/cc Flanders/np brought/vbd hard/jj times/nns to/in the/at shepherds/nns scattered/vbn over/in the/at dales/nns and/cc downs/nns as/ql well/rb as/cs to/in the/at crowded/vbn Flemish/jj cities/nns ,/, and/cc while/cs the/at English/nps ,/, so/ql far/rb ,/, had/hvd done/vbn no/at more/ap than/cs grumble/nn ,/, Othon/np had/hvd seen/vbn what/wdt the/at discontent/nn might/md lead/vb to/in ,/, for/cs before/cs he/pps left/vbd the/at Low/jj-tl Countries/nns-tl the/at citizens/nns of/in Ghent/np had/hvd risen/vbn in/in protest/nn against/in the/at expense/nn of/in supporting/vbg Edward/np and/cc his/pp$ troops/nns ,/, and/cc the/at regular/jj soldiers/nns had/hvd found/vbn it/ppo unexpectedly/rb difficult/jj to/to put/vb down/rp the/at nasty/jj little/jj riot/nn that/wps ensued/vbd ./.


	In/in all/abn the/at talk/nn of/in feudal/jj rights/nns ,/, the/at knights/nns and/cc bishops/nns must/md never/rb forget/vb the/at woolworkers/nns ,/, nor/cc was/bedz it/pps easy/jj to/to do/do so/rb ,/, for/cs all/abn along/in the/at road/nn to/in Italy/np they/ppss passed/vbd the/at Florentine/jj pack/nn trains/nns going/vbg home/nr with/in their/pp$ loads/nns of/in raw/jj wool/nn from/in England/np and/cc rough/jj Flemish/jj cloth/nn ,/, the/at former/ap to/to be/be spun/vbn and/cc woven/vbn by/in the/at Arte/fw-nn-tl Della/fw-in+at-tl Lana/fw-nn-tl and/cc the/at latter/ap to/to be/be refined/vbn and/cc dyed/vbn by/in the/at Arte/fw-nn-tl Della/fw-in+at-tl Calimala/fw-nn-tl with/in the/at pigment/nn recently/rb discovered/vbn in/in Asia/np-tl Minor/jj-tl by/in one/cd of/in their/pp$ members/nns ,/, Bernardo/np Rucellai/np ,/, the/at secret/nn of/in which/wdt they/ppss jealously/rb kept/vbd for/in themselves/ppls ./.
These/dts chatty/jj merchants/nns made/vbd amusing/jj and/cc instructive/jj traveling/vbg companions/nns ,/, for/cs their/pp$ business/nn took/vbd them/ppo to/in all/abn four/cd corners/nns of/in the/at globe/nn ,/, and/cc Florentine/jj gossip/nn had/hvd already/rb reached/vbn a/at high/jj stage/nn of/in development/nn as/cs even/rb a/at cursory/jj glance/nn at/in the/at Inferno/fw-nn-tl will/md prove/vb ./.
A/at northern/jj ambassador/nn ,/, willing/jj to/to keep/vb his/pp$ mouth/nn shut/vbn and/cc his/pp$ ears/nns open/jj ,/, could/md learn/vb a/at lot/nn that/wps would/md stand/vb him/ppo in/in good/jj stead/nn at/in the/at Curia/np ./.


	They/ppss had/hvd other/ap topics/nns of/in conversation/nn ,/, besides/in their/pp$ news/nn from/in courts/nns and/cc fairs/nns ,/, which/wdt were/bed of/in interest/nn to/in Othon/np ,/, the/at builder/nn of/in castles/nns in/in Wales/np and/cc churches/nns in/in his/pp$ native/jj country/nn ./.
Behind/in him/ppo lay/vbd the/at Low/jj-tl Countries/nns-tl ,/, where/wrb men/nns were/bed still/rb completing/vbg the/at cathedrals/nns that/cs a/at later/jjr Florentine/np would/md describe/vb as/cs ``/`` a/at malediction/nn of/in little/jj tabernacles/nns ,/, one/cd on/in top/nn of/in the/at other/ap ,/, with/in so/ql many/ap pyramids/nns and/cc spires/nns and/cc leaves/nns that/cs it/pps is/bez a/at wonder/nn they/ppss stand/vb up/rp at/in all/abn ,/, for/cs they/ppss look/vb as/cs though/cs they/ppss were/bed made/vbn of/in paper/nn instead/rb of/in stone/nn or/cc marble/nn ''/'' ;/. ;/.
the/at Low/jj-tl Countries/nns-tl ,/, where/wrb the/at Middle/jj-tl Ages/nns-tl were/bed to/to last/vb for/in another/dt two/cd centuries/nns and/cc die/vb out/rp only/rb when/wrb Charles/np-tl the/at-tl Bold/jj-tl of/in Burgundy/np met/vbd his/pp$ first/od defeat/nn in/in the/at fields/nns and/cc forests/nns below/in the/at walls/nns of/in Grandson/nn-tl ./.