cj71

	Thus/rb ,/, the/at three/cd main/jjs categories/nns of/in antisubmarine/jj warfare/nn operations/nns are/ber defense/nn of/in shipping/nn ,/, defense/nn of/in naval/jj forces/nns ,/, and/cc area/nn defense/nn ./.
The/at last/ap category/nn overlaps/vbz the/at others/nns in/in amphibious/jj operations/nns and/cc near/in terminals/nns and/cc bases/nns ./.


	To/to effect/vb these/dts operations/nns ,/, five/cd elements/nns exist/vb (/( 1/cd )/) surface/nn ,/, (/( 2/cd )/) air/nn ,/, (/( 3/cd )/) mines/nns ,/, (/( 4/cd )/) submarine/nn ,/, and/cc (/( 5/cd )/) fixed/vbn installations/nns ./.
Surface/nn forces/nns have/hv been/ben used/vbn to/to provide/vb defense/nn zones/nns around/in naval/jj and/cc merchant/nn ship/nn formations/nns ,/, air/nn to/to furnish/vb area/nn surveillance/nn ,/, and/cc mines/nns for/in protection/nn of/in limited/vbn areas/nns ./.
Submarines/nns and/cc shore/nn installations/nns are/ber new/jj elements/nns ./.
The/at submarine/nn now/rb has/hvz a/at definite/jj place/nn in/in submarine/jj defense/nn particularly/rb in/in denying/vbg enemy/nn access/nn to/in ocean/nn areas/nns ./.
Fixed/vbn installations/nns offer/vb possibilities/nns for/in area/nn detection/nn ./.
Mine/nn warfare/nn is/bez being/beg reoriented/vbn against/in submarine/jj targets/nns ./.


	A/at sixth/od element/nn ,/, not/* always/rb considered/vbn ,/, is/bez intelligence/nn ./.
It/pps includes/vbz operational/jj intelligence/nn of/in the/at enemy/nn and/cc knowledge/nn of/in the/at environment/nn ./.
Operational/jj intelligence/nn presumably/rb will/md be/be available/jj from/in our/pp$ national/jj intelligence/nn agencies/nns ;/. ;/.
intelligence/nn on/in the/at environment/nn will/md come/vb from/in the/at recently/rb augmented/vbn program/nn in/in oceanography/nn ./.
The/at major/jj postwar/jj development/nn is/bez the/at certainty/nn that/cs these/dts elements/nns should/md not/* be/be considered/vbn singly/rb but/cc in/in combination/nn and/cc as/cs being/beg mutually/rb supporting/vbg ./.



Necessity/nn-hl for/in-hl an/at-hl over-all/jj-hl concept/nn-hl 
Thinking/nn on/in submarine/jj defense/nn has/hvz not/* always/rb been/ben clear-cut/jj ./.
Proponents/nns of/in single/ap elements/nns tend/vb to/to ensure/vb predominance/nn of/in that/dt element/nn without/in determining/vbg if/cs it/pps is/bez justified/vbn ,/, and/cc the/at element/nn with/in the/at most/ql enthusiastic/jj and/cc vociferous/jj proponents/nns has/hvz assumed/vbn the/at greatest/jjt importance/nn ./.
Consequently/rb ,/, air/nn ,/, surface/nn ,/, and/cc submarine/jj elements/nns overshadow/vb the/at mine/nn ,/, fixed/vbn installations/nns ,/, and/cc intelligence/nn ./.
These/dts have/hv sought/vbn more/ap and/cc more/ap of/in what/wdt they/ppss have/hv ./.
Each/dt seems/vbz to/to strive/vb for/in elimination/nn of/in the/at necessity/nn for/in the/at others/nns ./.
This/dt ,/, despite/in postwar/jj experience/nn demonstrating/vbg that/cs all/abn elements/nns are/ber necessarily/rb mutually/rb supporting/vbg ./.
Thus/rb ,/, the/at most/ql productive/jj areas/nns are/ber not/* necessarily/rb the/at most/ql stressed/vbn ./.
This/dt is/bez stated/vbn to/to emphasize/vb the/at necessity/nn for/in an/at over-all/jj concept/nn of/in submarine/jj defense/nn ,/, one/cd which/wdt would/md provide/vb positions/nns of/in relative/jj importance/nn to/in ASW/nn elements/nns based/vbn on/in projected/vbn potentialities/nns ./.
Then/rb the/at enthusiasm/nn and/cc energy/nn of/in all/abn elements/nns can/md be/be channeled/vbn to/to produce/vb cumulative/jj progress/nn toward/in a/at common/jj objective/nn ./.
An/at over-all/jj concept/nn would/md have/hv other/ap advantages/nns ./.
It/pps would/md allow/vb presentation/nn to/in the/at public/nn of/in a/at unified/vbn approach/nn ./.
Now/rb the/at problem/nn is/bez presented/vbn piecemeal/rb and/cc sometimes/rb contradictorily/rb ./.
While/cs one/cd element/nn is/bez announcing/vbg progress/nn ,/, another/dt is/bez delineating/vbg its/pp$ problems/nns ./.
The/at result/nn can/md only/rb be/be confusion/nn in/in the/at public/nn mind/nn ./.
A/at unified/vbn concept/nn can/md serve/vb as/cs a/at guide/nn to/in budgeting/vbg and/cc ,/, if/cs public/nn support/nn is/bez gained/vbn ,/, will/md command/vb Congressional/jj-tl support/nn ./.
Industry's/nn$ main/jjs criticism/nn of/in the/at Navy's/nn$-tl antisubmarine/jj effort/nn is/bez that/cs it/pps cannot/md* determine/vb where/wrb any/dti one/cd company/nn or/cc industry/nn can/md apply/vb its/pp$ skills/nns and/cc know-how/nn ./.
Lacking/vbg guidance/nn ,/, industry/nn picks/vbz its/pp$ own/jj areas/nns ./.
The/at result/nn ,/, coupled/vbn with/in the/at salesmanship/nn for/in which/wdt American/jj industry/nn is/bez famous/jj ,/, is/bez considerable/jj expenditure/nn of/in funds/nns and/cc efforts/nns in/in marginal/jj areas/nns ./.
An/at over-all/jj concept/nn will/md guide/vb industry/nn where/wrb available/jj talents/nns and/cc facilities/nns will/md yield/vb greatest/jjt dividends/nns ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, a/at broad/jj concept/nn of/in over-all/jj submarine/jj defense/nn is/bez needed/vbn for/in co-ordination/nn of/in the/at Navy's/nn$-tl efforts/nns ,/, for/in a/at logical/jj presentation/nn to/in the/at public/nn ,/, for/in industry's/nn$ guidance/nn ,/, and/cc as/cs a/at basis/nn for/in a/at program/nn to/in the/at Congress/np ./.



Principles/nns-hl involved/vbn-hl in/in-hl an/at-hl over-all/jj-hl concept/nn-hl 
That/dt which/wdt follows/vbz will/md be/be a/at discussion/nn of/in principles/nns and/cc possible/jj content/nn for/in an/at over-all/jj concept/nn of/in antisubmarine/jj warfare/nn ./.
Russia/np possesses/vbz the/at preponderance/nn of/in submarines/nns in/in the/at world/nn ,/, divided/vbn between/in her/pp$ various/ap fleets/nns ./.
Some/dti are/ber also/rb in/in Albania/np and/cc others/nns are/ber on/in loan/nn to/in Egypt/np ./.
Other/ap countries/nns which/wdt may/md willingly/rb or/cc unwillingly/rb become/vb Communist/jj can/md furnish/vb bases/nns ./.
Communist/jj target/nn areas/nns can/md be/be assumed/vbn ,/, but/cc there/ex is/bez no/at certainty/nn that/cs such/jj assumptions/nns coincide/vb with/in Soviet/np intentions/nns ./.
Attack/nn can/md come/vb from/in almost/rb any/dti direction/nn against/in many/ap locations/nns ./.
Logically/rb ,/, then/rb ,/, the/at first/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn must/md be/be that/cs it/pps is/bez not/* rigidly/rb oriented/vbn toward/in any/dti geographical/jj area/nn ./.


	It/pps is/bez often/rb stated/vbn that/cs the/at submarine/nn can/md be/be destroyed/vbn while/cs building/vbg ,/, at/in bases/nns ,/, in/in transit/nn ,/, and/cc on/in station/nn ./.
Destruction/nn of/in the/at enemy's/nn$ building/nn and/cc base/nn complex/nn ,/, however/rb ,/, requires/vbz attacks/nns on/in enemy/nn territory/nn ,/, which/wdt is/bez possible/jj only/rb in/in event/nn of/in all-out/jj hostilities/nns ./.
In/in transit/nn or/cc on/in station/nn ,/, it/pps may/md not/* be/be possible/jj to/to attack/vb the/at submarines/nns until/cs commission/nn of/in an/at overt/jj act/nn ./.
The/at Communists/nns-tl are/ber adept/jj at/in utilizing/vbg hostilities/nns short/jj of/in general/jj war/nn and/cc will/md do/do so/rb whenever/wrb it/pps is/bez to/in their/pp$ advantage/nn ./.
Therefore/rb the/at second/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn must/md be/be that/cs ,/, while/cs providing/vbg for/in all-out/jj hostilities/nns ,/, its/pp$ effectiveness/nn is/bez not/* dependent/jj on/in general/jj war/nn ./.


	Antisubmarine/jj warfare/nn does/doz not/* involve/vb clashes/nns between/in large/jj opposing/vbg forces/nns ,/, with/in the/at decision/nn a/at result/nn of/in a/at single/ap battle/nn ./.
It/pps is/bez a/at war/nn of/in attrition/nn ,/, of/in single/ap actions/nns ,/, of/in an/at exchange/nn of/in losses/nns ./.
This/dt exchange/nn must/md result/vb in/in our/pp$ ending/vbg up/rp with/in some/dti effective/jj units/nns ./.
Initially/rb ,/, having/hvg fewer/ap units/nns of/in some/dti elements/nns --/-- especially/rb submarines/nns --/-- than/cs the/at opponent/nn ,/, our/pp$ capabilities/nns need/vb to/to be/be sufficiently/ql greater/jjr than/cs theirs/pp$$ ,/, so/cs that/cs the/at exchange/nn will/md be/be in/in our/pp$ favor/nn ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, the/at third/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn must/md be/be that/cs it/pps does/doz not/* depend/vb for/in effectiveness/nn on/in engagement/nn by/in the/at same/ap types/nns ,/, unless/cs at/in an/at assured/vbn favorable/jj exchange/nn rate/nn ./.


	The/at submarine/nn has/hvz increased/vbn its/pp$ effectiveness/nn by/in several/ap orders/nns of/in magnitude/nn since/in World/nn-tl War/nn-tl 2/cd-tl ./.
Its/pp$ speed/nn has/hvz increased/vbn ,/, it/pps operates/vbz at/in increasingly/rb greater/jjr depths/nns ,/, its/pp$ submerged/vbn endurance/nn is/bez becoming/vbg unlimited/jj ,/, and/cc it/pps will/md become/vb even/ql more/ql silent/jj ./.
The/at next/ap developments/nns will/md probably/rb be/be in/in weaponry/nn ./.
The/at missile/nn can/md gradually/rb be/be expected/vbn to/to replace/vb the/at torpedo/nn ./.
As/cs detection/nn ranges/nns increase/vb ,/, weapons/nns will/md be/be developed/vbn to/to attack/vb other/ap submarines/nns and/cc surface/nn craft/nn at/in these/dts ranges/nns ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, the/at fourth/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn must/md be/be that/cs it/pps provide/vb for/in continuously/rb increasing/vbg capabilities/nns in/in the/at opponent/nn ./.


	No/at element/nn can/md accomplish/vb the/at total/jj objective/nn of/in submarine/jj defense/nn ./.
Some/dti elements/nns support/vb the/at others/nns ,/, but/cc all/abn have/hv limitations/nns ./.
Some/dti limitations/nns of/in one/cd element/nn can/md be/be compensated/vbn for/in by/in a/at capability/nn of/in another/dt ./.
Elements/nns used/vbn in/in combination/nn will/md increase/vb the/at over-all/jj capability/nn more/rbr than/cs the/at sum/nn of/in the/at capabilities/nns of/in the/at individual/ap elements/nns ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, the/at plan's/nn$ fifth/od principle/nn must/md be/be that/cs it/pps capitalize/vb on/in the/at capabilities/nns of/in all/abn elements/nns in/in combination/nn ./.


	Conceivably/rb the/at submarine/jj defense/nn problem/nn can/md be/be solved/vbn by/in sufficient/jj forces/nns ./.
Numbers/nns would/md be/be astronomical/jj and/cc current/jj fiscal/jj policies/nns make/vb this/dt an/at impractical/jj solution/nn ./.
Shipbuilding/nn ,/, aircraft/nn procurement/nn ,/, and/cc weapon/nn programs/nns indicate/vb that/cs there/ex will/md not/* be/be enough/ap of/in anything/pn ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, any/dti measures/nns taken/vbn in/in peacetime/nn which/wdt will/md decrease/vb force/nn requirements/nns in/in war/nn will/md contribute/vb greatly/rb to/in success/nn when/wrb hostilities/nns occur/vb ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, the/at sixth/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn must/md be/be that/cs it/pps concentrate/vb on/in current/jj measures/nns which/wdt will/md reduce/vb future/jj force/nn requirements/nns ./.


	The/at world/nn is/bez constantly/rb changing/vbg ;/. ;/.
what/wdt was/bedz new/jj yesterday/nr is/bez obsolescent/jj today/nr ./.
The/at seventh/od principle/nn of/in the/at plan/nn is/bez self-evident/jj ;/. ;/.
it/pps must/md be/be flexible/jj enough/qlp to/to allow/vb for/in technological/jj breakthroughs/nns ,/, scientific/jj progress/nn ,/, and/cc changes/nns in/in world/nn conditions/nns ./.



Supporting/vbg-hl elements/nns-hl in/in-hl asw/nn-hl operations/nns-hl 
To/in this/dt point/nn the/at need/nn for/in an/at over-all/jj plan/nn for/in submarine/jj defense/nn has/hvz been/ben demonstrated/vbn ,/, the/at mission/nn has/hvz been/ben stated/vbn ,/, broad/jj principles/nns delineating/vbg its/pp$ content/nn laid/vbn down/rp ,/, and/cc the/at supporting/vbg elements/nns listed/vbn ./.
Before/cs considering/vbg these/dts elements/nns in/in more/ap detail/nn ,/, an/at additional/jj requirement/nn should/md be/be stated/vbn ./.
Large/jj area/nn coverage/nn will/md accomplish/vb all/abn other/ap tasks/nns ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, because/cs reduction/nn in/in tasks/nns results/nns in/in reduction/nn of/in forces/nns required/vbn ,/, the/at plan/nn should/md provide/vb for/in expanding/vbg area/nn coverage/nn ./.
But/cc it/pps must/md be/be remembered/vbn that/cs the/at plan/nn should/md not/* be/be oriented/vbn geographically/rb ./.
Consequently/rb ,/, the/at system/nn giving/vbg area/nn coverage/nn (/( if/cs such/jj coverage/nn is/bez less/ap than/cs world/nn wide/jj )/) must/md be/be flexible/jj and/cc hence/rb at/in least/ap partially/rb mobile/jj ./.
Since/cs effective/jj area/nn coverage/nn appears/vbz fairly/ql remote/jj ,/, the/at requirement/nn can/md be/be borne/vbn in/in mind/nn while/cs considering/in the/at elements/nns :/: air/nn ,/, surface/nn ,/, sub-surface/jj ,/, fixed/vbn installations/nns ,/, mines/nns ,/, and/cc intelligence/nn ./.
These/dts are/ber arranged/vbn approximately/rb in/in the/at order/nn of/in the/at vociferousness/nn of/in their/pp$ proponents/nns but/cc will/md be/be discussed/vbn in/in the/at reverse/jj order/nn in/in the/at hope/nn that/cs the/at true/jj order/nn of/in importance/nn will/md result/vb ./.




Intelligence/nn ,/, as/cs used/vbn herein/rb ,/, will/md include/vb information/nn on/in possible/jj opponents/nns and/cc on/in the/at environment/nn which/wdt can/md affect/vb operations/nns ./.
These/dts can/md be/be referred/vbn to/in as/cs operational/jj intelligence/nn and/cc environmental/jj intelligence/nn ./.
In/in submarine/jj defense/nn these/dts must/md have/hv maximum/jj stress/nn ./.
Good/jj operational/jj intelligence/nn can/md ensure/vb sound/jj planning/nn ,/, greatly/rb reduce/vb force/nn requirements/nns ,/, and/cc increase/vb tactical/jj effectiveness/nn ./.
Environmental/jj intelligence/nn is/bez just/rb as/ql important/jj ./.
The/at ocean/nn presently/rb co-operates/vbz with/in the/at target/nn ./.
Full/jj knowledge/nn of/in the/at science/nn of/in oceanography/nn can/md bring/vb the/at environment/nn to/in our/pp$ side/nn ,/, resulting/vbg in/in an/at increase/nn in/in effectiveness/nn of/in equipment/nn and/cc tactics/nns ,/, a/at decrease/nn in/in enemy/nn capabilities/nns ,/, and/cc the/at development/nn of/in methods/nns of/in capitalizing/vbg on/in the/at environment/nn ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, improved/vbn intelligence/nn will/md result/vb in/in reduced/vbn force/nn requirements/nns and/cc ,/, as/cs it/pps supports/vbz all/abn other/ap elements/nns ,/, rates/vbz a/at top/jjs priority/nn ./.
Gathering/vbg intelligence/nn is/bez important/jj ,/, but/cc of/in equal/jj importance/nn is/bez its/pp$ translation/nn into/in usable/jj form/nn ./.


	A/at program/nn is/bez needed/vbn to/to translate/vb the/at results/nns of/in oceanographic/jj research/nn into/in tactical/jj and/cc operating/vbg instructions/nns ./.
Approaching/vbg this/dt problem/nn on/in a/at statistical/jj basis/nn is/bez invalid/jj ,/, because/cs the/at opponent/nn has/hvz the/at same/ap sources/nns available/jj and/cc will/md be/be encountered/vbn not/* under/in average/jj conditions/nns ,/, but/cc under/in the/at conditions/nns most/ql advantageous/jj to/in him/ppo ./.
Therefore/rb ,/, the/at on-the-scene/jj commander/nn must/md have/hv detailed/vbn operating/vbg instructions/nns based/vbn on/in measurement/nn of/in conditions/nns ,/, in/in the/at area/nn ,/, at/in the/at time/nn of/in encounter/nn ./.
All/abn capabilities/nns must/md be/be used/vbn to/in maximum/jj advantage/nn then/rb ./.
Temperature/nn ,/, wind/nn ,/, oxygen/nn content/nn ,/, depth/nn ,/, bottom/nn character/nn ,/, and/cc animal/nn life/nn are/ber the/at chief/jjs environmental/jj variables/nns ./.
There/ex may/md be/be others/nns ./.
Variations/nns in/in sound/nn velocity/nn should/md be/be measured/vbn rather/rb than/cs temperature/nn ,/, because/cs more/ap of/in the/at variables/nns would/md be/be encompassed/vbn ./.
These/dts variations/nns must/md eventually/rb be/be measured/vbn horizontally/rb as/ql well/rb as/cs vertically/rb ./.
Progress/nn in/in predicting/vbg water/nn conditions/nns is/bez encouraging/jj ,/, but/cc little/ap guidance/nn is/bez available/jj to/in the/at man/nn at/in sea/nn on/in the/at use/nn of/in such/jj information/nn ./.
A/at concurrent/jj effort/nn is/bez needed/vbn to/to make/vb oceanographic/jj data/nn useful/jj on/in the/at spot/nn ./.




Mine/nn warfare/nn has/hvz in/in the/at past/nn been/ben directed/vbn against/in surface/nn targets/nns ./.
By/in its/pp$ nature/nn it/pps has/hvz always/rb been/ben of/in great/jj psychological/jj advantage/nn and/cc small/jj efforts/nns have/hv required/vbn considerably/ql greater/jjr counter-efforts/nns ./.
Mines/nns are/ber being/beg increasingly/rb oriented/vbn against/in submarine/jj targets/nns ./.
They/ppss are/ber still/rb considered/vbn to/to be/be for/in use/nn in/in restricted/vbn waters/nns ,/, however/rb ,/, and/cc targets/nns must/md come/vb within/in a/at few/ap yards/nns of/in them/ppo ./.
Mines/nns need/vb to/to be/be recognized/vbn as/cs a/at major/jj element/nn in/in anti-submarine/jj warfare/nn employment/nn ,/, extended/vbn to/in deep/jj water/nn ,/, and/cc have/hv their/pp$ effective/jj area/nn per/in unit/nn increased/vbn ./.
Mines/nns can/md be/be used/vbn to/to deny/vb access/nn to/in great/jj areas/nns ;/. ;/.
they/ppss are/ber difficult/jj to/to counter/vb ,/, cost/vb little/ap to/to maintain/vb until/cs required/vbn ,/, and/cc can/md be/be put/vbn into/in place/nn quickly/rb ./.
A/at most/ql attractive/jj feature/nn is/bez that/cs detection/nn and/cc attack/nn are/ber combined/vbn in/in a/at single/ap package/nn ./.
Effective/jj employment/nn will/md reduce/vb force/nn requirements/nns ./.


	For/in example/nn ,/, effective/jj mine/nn barriers/nns from/in Florida/np to/in Cuba/np and/cc across/in the/at Yucatan/np-tl Channel/nn-tl from/in Cuba/np to/in Mexico/np would/md remove/vb all/abn requirements/nns for/in harbor/nn defense/nn ,/, inshore/jj patrol/nn ,/, convoy/nn escort/nn ,/, shipping/vbg control/nn ,/, and/cc mine/nn defense/nn for/in the/at entire/jj Gulf/nn-tl of/in-tl Mexico/np-tl ./.
More/ql extended/vbn systems/nns ,/, covering/vbg all/abn passage/nn into/in the/at Caribbean/np ,/, would/md free/vb the/at Caribbean/np and/cc the/at Gulf/nn-tl of/in-tl Mexico/np-tl from/in the/at previously/rb listed/vbn requirements/nns ./.
Systems/nns covering/vbg the/at Gulf/nn-tl of/in-tl St./np-tl Lawrence/np-tl and/cc possibly/rb the/at entire/jj coasts/nns of/in the/at United/vbn-tl States/nns-tl are/ber not/* impossible/jj ./.
Such/jj mine/nn defense/nn systems/nns could/md permit/vb concentration/nn of/in mobile/jj forces/nns in/in the/at open/jj oceans/nns with/in consequent/jj increase/nn in/in the/at probability/nn of/in success/nn ./.
The/at advantages/nns inherent/jj in/in mine/nn warfare/nn justify/vb as/ql great/jj an/at importance/nn for/in this/dt element/nn as/cs is/bez accorded/vbn any/dti of/in the/at other/ap elements/nns ./.




Fixed/vbn installations/nns are/ber increasingly/rb advocated/vbn as/cs the/at problem/nn of/in area/nn defense/nn emerges/vbz ./.
The/at proponents/nns are/ber scientific/jj and/cc technical/jj men/nns who/wps exercise/vb considerable/jj influence/nn on/in their/pp$ military/jj counterparts/nns ./.
Systems/nns which/wdt detect/vb submarines/nns over/in wide/jj areas/nns are/ber attractive/jj ,/, although/cs they/ppss can/md be/be only/ap ``/`` burglar/nn alarms/nns ''/'' ./.
Mobile/jj forces/nns are/ber required/vbn to/to localize/vb and/cc attack/vb detected/vbn targets/nns ,/, since/cs the/at systems/nns are/ber not/* capable/jj of/in pinpointing/vbg a/at target/nn ./.
Such/jj systems/nns are/ber expensive/jj and/cc are/ber oriented/vbn geographically/rb ./.
In/in an/at over-all/jj ASW/nn concept/nn ,/, dependence/nn on/in and/cc effort/nn expended/vbn for/in such/jj systems/nns should/md be/be limited/vbn to/in those/dts with/in proven/vbn capabilities/nns ./.
No/at general/jj installation/nn should/md be/be made/vbn until/cs a/at model/nn installation/nn has/hvz been/ben proved/vbn and/cc its/pp$ maximum/jj capability/nn determined/vbn ./.
In/in addition/nn ,/, proposals/nns for/in fixed/vbn installations/nns should/md be/be carefully/rb weighed/vbn against/in a/at counterpart/nn mobile/jj system/nn ./.
Fixed/vbn installations/nns will/md always/rb lack/vb the/at flexibility/nn that/wps should/md be/be inherent/jj in/in naval/jj systems/nns ./.




The/at submarine/nn has/hvz become/vbn increasingly/ql attractive/jj as/cs an/at antisubmarine/jj weapon/nn system/nn ./.
It/pps operates/vbz in/in its/pp$ target's/nn$ environment/nn ,/, and/cc any/dti advantage/nn gained/vbn therefrom/rb by/in the/at target/nn is/bez shared/vbn by/in the/at attacker/nn ./.
But/cc the/at submarine/nn is/bez a/at weapon/nn of/in ambush/nn and/cc therefore/rb always/rb in/in danger/nn of/in being/beg ambushed/vbn ./.