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Knowing/vbg specifically/rb what/wdt the/at many/ap feed/nn additives/nns can/md do/do and/cc how/wrb and/cc when/wrb to/to feed/vb them/ppo can/md make/vb a/at highly/ql competitive/jj business/nn more/ql profitable/jj for/in beef/nn ,/, dairy/nn ,/, and/cc sheep/nn men/nns ./.


	The/at target/nn chart/nn quickly/rb and/cc briefly/rb tells/vbz you/ppo which/wdt additives/nns do/do what/wdt ./.
All/abn the/at additives/nns listed/vbn here/rb are/ber sanctioned/vbn for/in use/nn by/in the/at Food/nn-tl and/cc-tl Drug/nn-tl Administration/nn-tl of/in the/at federal/jj government/nn ./.
All/abn comments/nns concerning/in effectiveness/nn and/cc use/nn of/in drugs/nns have/hv been/ben carefully/rb reviewed/vbn by/in a/at veterinary/jj medical/jj officer/nn with/in Aj/nn ./.


	This/dt article/nn assumes/vbz that/cs the/at rations/nns you/ppss are/ber feeding/vbg your/pp$ beef/nn ,/, dairy/nn cattle/nns ,/, and/cc sheep/nn are/ber adequately/ql balanced/vbn with/in protein/nn ,/, vitamins/nns ,/, and/cc minerals/nns ./.


	The/at drug's/nn$ chemical/nn name/nn is/bez listed/vbn ,/, since/cs most/ap states/nns require/vb feed/nn processors/nns to/to use/vb this/dt name/nn instead/rb of/in the/at trade/nn name/nn on/in the/at feed/nn tag/nn ./.
In/in some/dti instances/nns ,/, the/at trade/nn name/nn is/bez shown/vbn in/in parentheses/nns following/vbg the/at chemical/nn name/nn ./.
This/dt indicates/vbz that/cs this/dt drug/nn is/bez being/beg marketed/vbn under/in one/cd trade/nn name/nn only/rb or/cc state/nn regulatory/jj organizations/nns have/hv approved/vbn its/pp$ use/nn on/in the/at feed/nn tag/nn ./.



Here's/rb+bez-hl your/pp$-hl feed/nn-hl additive/nn-hl guide/nn-hl for/in-hl ruminants/nns-hl :/:-hl 



drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Oxytetracycline/nn hydrochloride/nn (/( Terramycin/np )/) what/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Increases/nns rate/vb of/in gain/nn and/cc improves/vbz feed/nn efficiency/nn ,/, aids/vbz in/in the/at prevention/nn or/cc treatment/nn (/( depending/in on/in level/nn fed/vbn )/) of/in the/at early/jj stages/nns of/in shipping/vbg fever/nn ,/, prevents/vbz or/cc treats/vbz bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn ,/, and/cc aids/vbz in/in reducing/vbg incidence/nn of/in bloat/nn and/cc liver/nn abscesses/nns ./.
Milk/nn production/nn may/md be/be increased/vbn by/in the/at anti-infective/jj properties/nns of/in this/dt drug/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl beef/nn-hl cattle/nns-hl (/(-hl finishing/vbg-hl ration/nn-hl )/)-hl 
--/-- To/to increase/vb rate/nn of/in gain/nn and/cc improve/vb feed/nn efficiency/nn ,/, feed/vb 75/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn in/in daily/jj supplement/nn ./.
Calves/nns-hl 
--/-- To/to increase/vb rate/nn of/in gain/nn and/cc improve/vb feed/nn efficiency/nn ,/, feed/vb 10/cd to/in 25/cd grams/nns per/in ton/nn of/in complete/jj feed/nn ./.
As/cs an/at aid/nn in/in the/at prevention/nn of/in bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn (/( scours/nn )/) ,/, feed/vb 50/cd grams/nns per/in ton/nn of/in complete/jj feed/nn ./.
For/in the/at treatment/nn of/in bacterial/jj scours/nn ,/, feed/vb 100-200/cd grams/nns ./.
For/in prevention/nn or/cc treatment/nn of/in bacterial/jj scours/nn ,/, feed/vb 0.1/cd to/in 5/cd milligrams/nns per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn daily/rb ./.
Beef/nn-hl and/cc-hl dairy/nn-hl 
--/-- As/cs an/at aid/nn in/in reducing/vbg incidence/nn and/cc severity/nn of/in bloat/nn ,/, provide/vb 75/cd milligrams/nns of/in oxytetracycline/nn hydrochloride/nn per/in animal/nn daily/rb ./.
To/to reduce/vb incidence/nn of/in liver/nn abscesses/nns ,/, supply/vb 75/cd milligrams/nns of/in oxytetracycline/nn activity/nn per/in head/nn daily/rb ./.
To/to prevent/vb or/cc treat/vb bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn ,/, furnish/vb 0.1/cd to/in 5/cd milligrams/nns per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn daily/rb ./.
For/in the/at prevention/nn or/cc treatment/nn of/in the/at early/jj stages/nns of/in shipping/vbg fever/nn complex/nn ,/, increase/vb feeding/vbg level/nn to/in 0.5/cd to/in 2/cd grams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn ./.
For/in the/at best/jjt results/nns ,/, feed/vb this/dt level/nn to/in cattle/nns 3/cd to/in 5/cd days/nns preceding/vbg shipment/nn and/or/cc 3/cd to/in 5/cd days/nns following/vbg their/pp$ arrival/nn in/in your/pp$ feed/nn lot/nn ./.
For/in treatment/nn of/in shipping/vbg fever/nn ,/, this/dt level/nn should/md be/be fed/vbn at/in the/at onset/nn of/in the/at disease/nn symptoms/nns until/cs symptoms/nns disappear/vb ./.
Sheep/nn-hl 
--/-- To/to increase/vb rate/nn of/in gain/nn and/cc improve/vb feed/nn efficiency/nn ,/, feed/vb 10/cd to/in 20/cd grams/nns per/in ton/nn ./.
As/cs an/at aid/nn in/in the/at prevention/nn of/in bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn (/( scours/nn )/) ,/, feed/vb 50/cd grams/nns per/in ton/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Chlortetracycline/nn (/( Aureomycin/np )/) what/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Increases/vbz gains/nns ,/, improves/vbz feed/nn efficiency/nn ,/, and/cc reduces/vbz losses/nns from/in bacterial/jj infections/nns listed/vbn under/in ``/`` How/wql-tl To/to-tl Feed/vb-tl ''/'' section/nn ./.
Milk/nn production/nn may/md be/be increased/vbn by/in the/at anti-infective/jj properties/nns of/in this/dt drug/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl beef/nn-hl 
--/-- Not/* less/ap than/in 70/cd milligrams/nns of/in Aureomycin/np per/in head/nn daily/rb to/to aid/vb in/in the/at prevention/nn of/in liver/nn abscesses/nns in/in feed-lot/nn beef/nn cattle/nns ./.
Prevention/nn of/in bacterial/jj pneumonia/nn ,/, shipping/vbg fever/nn ,/, as/cs an/at aid/nn in/in reduction/nn of/in losses/nns due/jj to/in respiratory/jj infections/nns (/( infectious/jj rhinotracheitis/nn --/-- shipping/vbg fever/nn complex/nn )/) ./.
Feed/vb at/in level/nn of/in 70/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn ./.
Treatment/nn of/in the/at above/jj diseases/nns :/: 350/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn for/in 30/cd days/nns only/rb ./.
For/in prevention/nn of/in these/dts diseases/nns during/in periods/nns of/in stress/nn such/jj as/cs shipping/vbg ,/, excessive/jj handling/nn ,/, vaccination/nn ,/, extreme/jj weather/nn conditions/nns :/: 350/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn for/in 30/cd days/nns only/rb ./.
As/cs an/at aid/nn in/in reducing/vbg bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn and/cc preventing/vbg foot/nn rot/nn ,/, feed/vb not/* less/ap than/in 0.1/cd milligram/nn per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn daily/rb ./.
To/to aid/vb in/in the/at prevention/nn of/in anaplasmosis/nn ,/, feed/vb not/* less/ap than/in 0.5/cd milligram/nn per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn daily/rb ./.
Dairy/nn-hl 
--/-- For/in calves/nns ,/, feed/vb not/* less/ap than/in 50/cd grams/nns of/in Aureomycin/np per/in ton/nn complete/jj feed/nn as/cs an/at aid/nn in/in preventing/vbg bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn and/cc foot/nn rot/nn ./.
For/in cows/nns ,/, feed/nn providing/vbg an/at intake/nn of/in 0.1/cd milligram/nn of/in Aureomycin/np per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn daily/rb aids/vbz in/in the/at reduction/nn of/in bacterial/jj diarrhea/nn ,/, in/in the/at prevention/nn of/in foot/nn rot/nn ,/, and/cc in/in the/at reduction/nn of/in losses/nns due/jj to/in respiratory/jj infection/nn (/( infectious/jj rhinotracheitis/nn --/-- shipping/vbg fever/nn complex/nn )/) ./.
Sheep/nns-hl 
--/-- As/cs an/at aid/nn in/in reducing/vbg losses/nns due/jj to/in enterotoxemia/nn (/( overeating/vbg disease/nn )/) ,/, feed/vb a/at complete/jj ration/nn containing/vbg not/* less/ap than/in 20/cd and/cc not/* more/ap than/in 50/cd grams/nns of/in Aureomycin/np per/in ton/nn ./.
To/to reduce/vb vibrionic/jj abortion/nn in/in breeding/vbg sheep/nn ,/, feed/vb 80/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn daily/rb ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Dynafac/np ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
An/at aid/nn in/in getting/vbg cattle/nns and/cc sheep/nns on/in full/jj feed/nn ,/, in/in improving/vbg feed/nn conversion/nn and/cc growth/nn ,/, in/in reducing/vbg bloat/nn and/cc founder/nn ,/, and/cc in/in controlling/vbg scours/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl beef/nn-hl and/cc-hl dairy/nn-hl calves/nns-hl 
--/-- 0.2/cd gram/nn Dynafac/np per/in head/nn daily/rb (/( 1/cd gram/nn of/in premix/nn per/in head/nn daily/rb )/) for/in promoting/vbg growth/nn ,/, feed/nn conversion/nn ,/, bloom/nn ,/, and/cc full/jj feed/nn earlier/rbr ./.
Feeder/nn-hl cattle/nns-hl 
--/-- Dynafac/np in/in a/at complete/jj ration/nn or/cc 0.3/cd to/in 0.4/cd gram/nn per/in head/nn per/in day/nn (/( 200/cd grams/nns of/in premix/nn per/in ton/nn complete/jj ration/nn or/cc equivalent/jj ./.
Animals/nns consuming/vbg 20/cd pounds/nns feed/nn daily/rb receive/vb 2/cd grams/nns Dynafac/np )/) ./.
Aids/vbz in/in minimizing/vbg the/at occurrence/nn of/in feed-lot/nn bloat/nn due/jj to/in high/jj consumption/nn of/in concentrates/nns ./.
Sheep/nns-hl and/cc-hl lambs/nns-hl 
--/-- 1.0/cd gram/nn premix/nn per/in head/nn per/in day/nn for/in promoting/vbg growth/nn ,/, feed/nn conversion/nn ,/, and/cc getting/vbg lambs/nns on/in full/jj feed/nn earlier/rbr ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Diethylstilbestrol/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Increases/vbz rate/nn of/in gain/nn and/cc improves/vbz feed/nn efficiency/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl beef/nn-hl cattle/nns-hl 
--/-- 10/cd milligrams/nns of/in diethylstilbestrol/nn per/in head/nn daily/rb ./.
This/dt may/md be/be incorporated/vbn in/in complete/jj feeds/nns at/in the/at level/nn of/in 0.4/cd milligram/nn of/in diethylstilbestrol/nn per/in pound/nn of/in ration/nn --/-- assuming/vbg animal/nn consumes/vbz about/rb 25/cd pounds/nns daily/rb ./.
The/at drug/nn is/bez also/rb incorporated/vbn in/in supplements/nns ./.
These/dts are/ber to/to be/be fed/vbn at/in a/at rate/nn to/to provide/vb 10/cd milligrams/nns DES/nn per/in head/nn daily/rb ./.
The/at recommended/vbn 10-milligram/jj daily/jj intake/nn level/nn should/md be/be maintained/vbn ./.
It/pps may/md be/be incorporated/vbn into/in cattle/nns creep/nn feeds/nns in/in levels/nns from/in 1.0/cd to/in 1.5/cd milligrams/nns of/in diethylstilbestrol/nn per/in pound/nn of/in feed/nn ./.
Sheep/nns-hl fattening/vbg-hl rations/nns-hl 
--/-- The/at recommended/vbn level/nn for/in sheep/nns is/bez 2/cd milligrams/nns daily/rb ,/, and/cc this/dt level/nn should/md be/be maintained/vbn ./.
Include/vb supplement/nn containing/vbg 0.4/cd to/in 2/cd milligrams/nns per/in pound/nn to/to provide/vb 2/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn ./.
Caution/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Discontinue/vb medication/nn 48/cd hours/nns before/in slaughter/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Hydroxazine/nn hydrochloride/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Improves/vbz growth/nn rate/nn and/cc feed/nn efficiency/nn of/in fattening/vbg beef/nn animals/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
At/in the/at rate/nn of/in 2-1/2/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Iodinated/vbn casein/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Drug/nn elevates/vbz the/at metabolic/jj rate/nn of/in the/at cow/nn ./.
Fed/vbn to/in dairy/nn cattle/nns to/to increase/vb milk/nn production/nn and/cc butterfat/nn percentage/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
1/cd to/in 1-1/2/cd grams/nns per/in 100/cd pounds/nns of/in body/nn weight/nn ./.
Caution/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Cows/nns receiving/vbg drug/nn may/md not/* be/be officially/rb tested/vbn under/in breed/nn registry/nn testing/nn programs/nns ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Bacterial/jj and/cc fungal/jj enzymes/nns ./.
(/( These/dts enzyme/nn preparations/nns appear/vb on/in today's/nr$ feed/nn tags/nns as/cs fermentation/nn extracts/nns of/in Bacillus/np subtilis/np ,/, Apergillus/np orzae/np ,/, Niger/np ,/, and/cc Flavus/np ./.
)/) what/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Improves/vbz utilization/nn of/in low-moisture/nn corn/nn (/( less/ap than/in 14%/nn )/) ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Greatest/jjt benefits/nns have/hv been/ben associated/vbn with/in feeding/vbg low-moisture/nn corn/nn in/in beef-feeding/jj programs/nns ./.
Several/ap firms/nns are/ber merchandising/vbg enzyme/nn preparation/nn through/in feed/nn manufacturers/nns ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Ronnel/nn ./.
What/wdt it/pps does/doz :/: 
Effectively/rb controls/vbz cattle/nns grubs/nns which/wdt damage/vb hides/nns and/cc can/md reduce/vb gains/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Drug/nn is/bez added/vbn to/in either/cc a/at protein/nn or/cc mineral/nn supplement/nn for/in a/at period/nn of/in 7/cd or/cc 14/cd days/nns ./.
Follow/vb manufacturer's/nn$ recommendation/nn carefully/rb ./.
Caution/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Do/do not/* feed/vb to/in dairy/nn cows/nns and/cc do/do not/* feed/vb within/in 60/cd days/nns of/in slaughter/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Methyl/nn polysiloxanes/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Aids/nns in/in preventing/vbg foamy/jj bloat/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
For/in prevention/nn of/in foamy/jj bloat/nn ,/, feed/vb at/in a/at rate/nn of/in 0.5/cd to/in 2/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn per/in day/nn in/in mineral/nn or/cc salt/nn or/cc feed/nn ./.
For/in treatment/nn of/in bloat/nn ,/, drug/nn is/bez fed/vbn at/in a/at higher/jjr level/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Phenothiazine/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Reduces/vbz losses/nns from/in stomach/nn ,/, hookworm/nn ,/, and/cc nodular/jj worms/nns by/in interfering/vbg with/in reproduction/nn of/in the/at female/nn worm/nn by/in reducing/vbg the/at number/nn of/in eggs/nns laid/vbn and/cc essentially/rb rendering/vbg all/abn laid/vbn eggs/nns sterile/jj ./.
Also/rb ,/, aids/vbz in/in the/at control/nn of/in horn/nn flies/nns by/in preventing/vbg them/ppo from/in hatching/vbg in/in the/at droppings/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Treat/vb cattle/nns with/in 10/cd grams/nns per/in 100/cd pounds/nns body/nn weight/nn with/in a/at maximum/nn of/in 70/cd grams/nns per/in animal/nn ./.
Then/rb ,/, for/in the/at above/jj parasites/nns ,/, feed/vb continuously/rb at/in these/dts levels/nns :/: Feeder/nn cattle/nns --/-- 2-5/cd grams/nns of/in phenothiazine/nn daily/rb ;/. ;/.
beef/nn calves/nns --/-- to/in 1.5/cd grams/nns daily/rb depending/in on/in weight/nn of/in animal/nn ./.
Treat/vb lambs/nns with/in 12/cd grams/nns per/in head/nn for/in lambs/nns weighing/vbg up/rp to/in 50/cd pounds/nns ;/. ;/.
treat/vb lambs/nns over/rp 50/cd pounds/nns and/cc adults/nns with/in 24/cd grams/nns per/in animal/nn ./.
For/in continuous/jj control/nn ,/, feed/vb 1/cd part/nn phenothiazine/nn to/in 9/cd parts/nns minerals/nns or/cc salts/nns ./.
To/to include/vb in/in feed/nn ,/, add/vb phenothiazine/nn to/to supply/vb 0.5/cd to/in 1/cd gram/nn per/in sheep/nn daily/rb ./.
Caution/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Continuous/jj administration/nn is/bez not/* recommended/vbn for/in lactating/vbg cows/nns ./.
Following/vbg single-dose/nn treatment/nn ,/, milk/nn should/md be/be discarded/vbn for/in 4/cd days/nns following/vbg treatment/nn ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Procaine/nn penicillin/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Aids/vbz in/in reducing/vbg the/at incidence/nn and/cc severity/nn of/in bloat/nn in/in beef/nn or/cc dairy/nn cattle/nns on/in legume/nn pasture/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Feed/vb 75,000/cd units/nns or/cc 75/cd milligrams/nns per/in head/nn daily/rb ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Sodium/nn propionate/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
For/in the/at prevention/nn or/cc treatment/nn of/in acetonemia/nn (/( ketosis/nn )/) in/in dairy/nn cows/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
For/in the/at prevention/nn of/in acetonemia/nn (/( ketosis/nn )/) feed/vb 1/4/cd pound/nn per/in day/nn beginning/vbg at/in calving/vbg and/cc continuing/vbg for/in 6/cd weeks/nns ./.
For/in the/at treatment/nn of/in ketosis/nn feed/vb 1/4/cd to/in 1/2/cd pound/nn per/in day/nn for/in 10/cd days/nns ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Sulfaquinoxaline/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Helps/vbz control/vb shipping/vbg dysentery/nn and/cc coccidiosis/nn in/in lambs/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl lambs/nns-hl 
--/-- feed/vb at/in level/nn for/in 2/cd or/cc 3/cd days/nns ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Dried/vbn rumen/nn bacteria/nns ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Stimulates/vbz rumen/nn activity/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Incorporated/vbn in/in commercially/rb prepared/vbn feed/nn at/in proper/jj levels/nns ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Calcium/nn and/cc sodium/nn lactate/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
Prevents/vbz and/cc treats/vbz acetonemia/nn (/( ketosis/nn )/) in/in dairy/nn cows/nns ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
For/in prevention/nn of/in ketosis/nn ,/, feed/vb 1/4/cd pound/nn per/in head/nn daily/rb for/in 6/cd weeks/nns commencing/vbg at/in calving/vbg time/nn ./.
For/in treatment/nn of/in ketosis/nn ,/, feed/vb 1/2/cd pound/nn daily/rb until/cs symptoms/nns disappear/vb ./.
Then/rb ,/, feed/vb preventive/jj dose/nn until/in 6/cd weeks/nns after/in calving/vbg ./.



Drug's/nn$-hl chemical/nn-hl name/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Promazine/nn hydrochloride/nn ./.
What/wdt-hl it/pps-hl does/doz-hl :/:-hl 
A/at tranquilizer/nn fed/vbn to/in cattle/nns (/( other/ap than/in lactating/vbg dairy/nn cows/nns )/) prior/rb to/in their/pp$ being/beg subjected/vbn to/in stress/nn conditions/nns such/jj as/cs vaccinating/vbg ,/, shipping/vbg ,/, weaning/vbg calves/nns ,/, and/cc excessive/jj handling/nn ./.
How/wrb-hl to/to-hl feed/vb-hl :/:-hl 
Not/* less/ap than/in milligram/nn but/cc not/* more/ap than/in 1.25/cd milligrams/nns of/in additive/nn per/in pound/nn of/in body/nn weight/nn ./.
Caution/nn-hl :/:-hl 
Additive/nn should/md not/* be/be fed/vbn 72/cd hours/nns before/cs animals/nns are/ber slaughtered/vbn ./.
There/ex are/ber three/cd principal/jjs feed/nn bunk/nn types/nns for/in dairy/nn and/cc beef/nn cattle/nns :/: (/( 1/cd )/) Fence-line/nn bunks/nns --/-- cattle/nns eat/vb from/in one/cd side/nn while/cs feed/nn is/bez put/vbn in/rp from/in the/at opposite/jj side/nn of/in the/at fence/nn by/in self-unloading/jj wagons/nns ;/. ;/.
(/( 2/cd )/) Mechanized/vbn bunks/nns --/-- they/ppss sit/vb within/in the/at feed/nn lot/nn ,/, are/ber filled/vbn by/in a/at mechanical/jj conveyor/nn above/in feeding/vbg surface/nn ;/. ;/.
(/( 3/cd )/) Special/jj bunks/nns --/-- as/cs discussed/vbn here/rb ,/, they/ppss permit/vb cattle/nns to/to eat/vb from/in all/abn sides/nns ./.
Feed/nn is/bez put/vbn in/rp with/in an/at elevator/nn ./.


	Several/ap materials/nns or/cc combinations/nns of/in materials/nns can/md be/be used/vbn to/to construct/vb a/at satisfactory/jj feed/nn bunk/nn ./.
The/at selection/nn of/in materials/nns depends/vbz on/in skills/nns of/in available/jj labor/nn for/in installation/nn ,/, cost/nn of/in materials/nns available/jj locally/rb ,/, and/cc your/pp$ own/jj preference/nn ./.
No/at one/cd material/nn is/bez best/jjt for/in all/abn situations/nns ./.
Selecting/vbg bunks/nns by/in economic/jj comparison/nn is/bez usually/rb an/at individual/jj problem/nn ./.



Fence-line/nn-hl feeding/vbg-hl ./.-hl

Animals/nns eat/vb only/rb from/in one/cd side/nn ,/, so/rb the/at fence-line/nn bunk/nn must/md be/be twice/rb as/ql long/jj as/cs the/at mechanical/jj bunk/nn ./.
These/dts bunks/nns also/rb serve/vb as/cs a/at fence/nn ,/, so/rb part/nn of/in the/at additional/jj cost/nn must/md be/be attributed/vbn to/in the/at fence/nn ./.
Because/rb of/in their/pp$ location/nn ,/, on/in the/at edge/nn of/in the/at feed/nn lot/nn ,/, fence-line/nn bunks/nns are/ber not/* in/in the/at way/nn of/in mechanical/jj manure/nn removal/nn ./.
Filling/vbg these/dts bunks/nns by/in the/at same/ap self-unloading/jj wagons/nns used/vbn to/to fill/vb silos/nns spreads/vbz cost/nn of/in the/at wagons/nns over/in more/ap time/nn and/cc operations/nns ./.


	All-weather/jj roads/nns must/md be/be provided/vbn next/in to/in the/at feeding/vbg floor/nn so/cs access/nn will/md be/be possible/jj all/abn year/nn ./.
This/dt will/nn be/be a/at problem/nn in/in areas/nns of/in heavy/jj snowfall/nn ./.