cc17

	The/at reading/vbg public/nn ,/, the/at theatergoing/jj public/nn ,/, the/at skindiving/vbg public/nn ,/, the/at horse-playing/jj public/nn --/-- all/abn these/dts and/cc others/nns fill/vb substantial/jj roles/nns in/in U.S./np life/nn ,/, but/cc none/pn is/bez so/ql varied/vbn ,/, vast/jj and/cc vigilant/jj as/cs the/at eating/vbg public/nn ./.
The/at Department/nn-tl of/in-tl Agriculture/nn-tl averaged/vbd out/rp U.S./np food/nn consumption/nn last/ap year/nn at/in 1,488/cd lbs./nns per/in person/nn ,/, which/wdt ,/, allowing/vbg for/in the/at 17/cd million/cd Americans/nps that/wps John/np Kennedy/np said/vbn go/vb to/in bed/nn hungry/jj every/at night/nn ,/, means/vbz that/cs certain/jj gluttons/nns on/in the/at upper/jj end/nn must/md somehow/rb down/vb 8/cd lbs./nns or/cc more/ap a/at day/nn ./.
That/dt mother/nn hen/nn of/in the/at weight-height/nn tables/nns ,/, the/at Metropolitan/jj-tl Life/nn-tl Insurance/nn-tl Co./nn-tl ,/, clucks/vbz that/cs 48/cd million/cd Americans/nps are/ber overweight/jj ./.


	Through/in previous/jj centuries/nns ,/, eating/vbg changed/vbd by/in nearly/ql imperceptible/jj degrees/nns ,/, and/cc mostly/rb toward/in just/rb getting/vbg enough/ap ./.
Now/rb big/jj forces/nns buffet/vb food/nn ./.
For/in the/at first/od time/nn in/in history/nn ,/, the/at U.S./np has/hvz produced/vbn a/at society/nn in/in which/wdt less/ap than/in one-tenth/nn of/in the/at people/nns turn/vb out/rp so/ql much/ap food/nn that/cs the/at Government's/nn$-tl most/ql embarrassing/vbg problem/nn is/bez how/wrb to/to dispose/vb inconspicuously/rb of/in 100/cd million/cd tons/nns of/in surplus/nn farm/nn produce/nn ./.
In/in this/dt same/ap society/nn ,/, the/at plain/jj citizen/nn can/md with/in an/at average/nn of/in only/rb one-fifth/nn his/pp$ income/nn buy/vb more/ap calories/nns than/cs he/pps can/md consume/vb ./.
Refrigeration/nn ,/, automated/vbn processing/nn and/cc packaging/vbg conspire/vb to/to defy/vb season/nn and/cc banish/vb spoilage/nn ./.
And/cc in/in the/at wake/nn of/in the/at new/jj affluence/nn and/cc the/at new/jj techniques/nns of/in processing/vbg comes/vbz a/at new/jj American/jj interest/nn in/in how/wrb what/wdt people/nns eat/vb affects/vbz their/pp$ health/nn ./.
To/to eat/vb is/bez human/jj ,/, the/at nation/nn is/bez learning/vbg to/to think/vb ,/, to/to survive/vb divine/jj ./.



Fads/nns-hl ,/,-hl facts/nns-hl 
Not/* all/abn the/at concern/nn for/in health/nn is/bez well/ql directed/vbn ./.
From/in the/at fusty/jj panaceas/nns of/in spinach/nn ,/, eggs/nns and/cc prunes/nns ,/, the/at U.S./np has/hvz progressed/vbn to/in curds/nns ,/, concentrates/nns and/cc capsules/nns ./.
Each/dt year/nn ,/, reports/vbz the/at American/jj-tl Medical/jj-tl Association/nn-tl ,/, ten/cd million/cd Americans/nps spend/vb $900/nns million/cd on/in vitamins/nns ,/, tonics/nns and/cc other/ap food/nn supplements/nns ./.
At/in juice/nn bars/nns in/in Los/np Angeles'/np$ 35/cd ``/`` health/nn ''/'' stores/nns ,/, a/at new/jj sensation/nn is/bez a/at pink/jj ,/, high-protein/nn cocktail/nn ,/, concocted/vbn of/in dried/vbn eggs/nns ,/, powdered/vbn milk/nn and/cc cherry-flavored/jj No-Cal/np ,/, which/wdt sells/vbz for/in 59-cents/nns per/in 8-oz./nn glass/nn ./.
Grocery/nn stores/nns sell/vb dozens/nns of/in foods/nns that/wps boast/vb of/in having/hvg almost/rb no/at food/nn value/nn at/in all/abn ./.


	But/cc a/at big/jj part/nn of/in the/at public/nn wants/vbz to/to know/vb facts/nns about/in diet/nn and/cc health/nn ,/, and/cc a/at big/jj group/nn of/in U.S./np scientists/nns wants/vbz to/to supply/vb them/ppo ./.
The/at man/nn most/ql firmly/rb at/in grips/nns with/in the/at problem/nn is/bez the/at University/nn-tl of/in-tl Minnesota's/np$-tl Physiologist/nn-tl Ancel/np Keys/np ,/, 57/cd ,/, inventor/nn of/in the/at wartime/nn K/nn (/( for/in Keys/np )/) ration/nn and/cc author/nn of/in last/ap year's/nn$ bestselling/jj Eat/vb-tl Well/rb-tl And/cc-tl Stay/vb-tl Well/jj-tl ./.
From/in his/pp$ birch-paneled/jj office/nn in/in the/at Laboratory/nn-tl of/in-tl Physiological/jj-tl Hygiene/nn-tl ,/, under/in the/at university's/nn$ football/nn stadium/nn in/in Minneapolis/np (/( ``/`` We/ppss get/vb a/at rumble/nn on/in every/at touchdown/nn ''/'' )/) ,/, blocky/jj ,/, grey-haired/jj Dr./nn-tl Keys/np directs/vbz an/at ambitious/jj ,/, $200,000-a-year/nns experiment/nn on/in diet/nn ,/, which/wdt spans/vbz three/cd continents/nns and/cc seven/cd nations/nns and/cc is/bez still/rb growing/vbg ./.
Pursuing/vbg it/ppo ,/, he/pps has/hvz logged/vbn 500,000/cd miles/nns ,/, suffered/vbn indescribable/jj digestive/jj indignities/nns ,/, and/cc meticulously/rb collected/vbn physiological/jj data/nn on/in the/at health/nn and/cc eating/vbg habits/nns of/in 10,000/cd individuals/nns ,/, from/in Bantu/jj tribesmen/nns to/in Italian/jj contadini/fw-nns ./.
He/pps has/hvz measured/vbn the/at skinfolds/nns (/( the/at fleshy/jj areas/nns under/in the/at shoulder/nn blades/nns )/) of/in Neapolitan/jj firemen/nns ,/, studied/vbn the/at metabolism/nn of/in Finnish/jj woodcutters/nns ,/, analyzed/vbn the/at ``/`` mealie-meal/nn ''/'' eaten/vbn by/in Capetown/np coloreds/nns ,/, and/cc experimented/vbn on/in Minneapolis/np businessmen/nns ./.



And/cc-hl fats/nns-hl ./.-hl

Keys's/np$ findings/nns ,/, though/cs far/rb from/in complete/jj ,/, are/ber likely/jj to/to smash/vb many/abn an/at eating/vbg cliche/nn ./.
Vitamins/nns ,/, eggs/nns and/cc milk/nn begin/vb to/to look/vb like/cs foods/nns to/to hold/vb down/rp on/in (/( though/cs mothers'/nns$ milk/nn is/bez still/rb the/at ticket/nn )/) ./.
Readings/nns of/in the/at number/nn of/in milligrams/nns of/in cholesterol/nn in/in the/at blood/nn ,/, which/wdt seem/vb to/to have/hv value/nn in/in predicting/vbg heart/nn attacks/nns ,/, are/ber becoming/vbg as/ql routine/jj as/cs the/at electrocardiogram/nn ,/, which/wdt can/md show/vb that/cs the/at heart/nn has/hvz suffered/vbn a/at symptomatic/jj attack/nn ./.
Already/rb many/abn an/at American/np knows/vbz his/pp$ count/nn ,/, and/cc rejoices/vbz or/cc worries/vbz depending/in on/in whether/cs it/pps is/bez nearer/jjr 180/cd (/( safe/jj )/) or/cc 250/cd (/( dangerous/jj )/) ./.


	Out/in of/in cholesterol/nn come/vb Keys's/np$ main/jjs messages/nns so/ql far/rb :/: 

	Americans/nps eat/vb too/ql much/ap ./.
The/at typical/jj U.S./np daily/jj menu/nn ,/, says/vbz Dr./nn-tl Keys/np ,/, contains/vbz 3,000/cd calories/nns ,/, should/md contain/vb 2,300/cd ./.
And/cc extra/jj weight/nn increases/vbz the/at risk/nn of/in cancer/nn ,/, diabetes/nn ,/, artery/nn disease/nn and/cc heart/nn attack/nn ./.


	Americans/nps eat/vb too/ql much/ap fat/nn ./.
With/in meat/nn ,/, milk/nn ,/, butter/nn and/cc ice/nn cream/nn ,/, the/at calorie-heavy/jj U.S./np diet/nn is/bez 40%/nn fat/nn ,/, and/cc most/ap of/in that/dt is/bez saturated/vbn fat/nn --/-- the/at insidious/jj kind/nn ,/, says/vbz Dr./nn-tl Keys/np ,/, that/wps increases/vbz blood/nn cholesterol/nn ,/, damages/vbz arteries/nns ,/, and/cc leads/vbz to/in coronary/jj disease/nn ./.



Obesity/nn-hl :/:-hl a/at-hl malnutrition/nn-hl ./.-hl

Throughout/in much/ap of/in the/at world/nn ,/, food/nn is/bez still/rb so/ql scarce/jj that/cs half/abn of/in the/at earth's/nn$ population/nn has/hvz trouble/nn getting/vbg the/at 1,600/cd calories/nns a/at day/nn necessary/jj to/to sustain/vb life/nn ./.
The/at deficiency/nn diseases/nns --/-- scurvy/nn ,/, tropical/jj sprue/nn ,/, pellagra/nn --/-- run/vb rampant/jj ./.
In/in West/jj-tl Africa/np-tl ,/, for/in example/nn ,/, where/wrb meat/nn is/bez a/at luxury/nn and/cc babies/nns must/md be/be weaned/vbn early/rb to/to make/vb room/nn at/in the/at breast/nn for/in later/jjr arrivals/nns ,/, a/at childhood/nn menace/nn is/bez kwashiorkor/fw-nn ,/, or/cc ``/`` Red/jj-tl Johnny/np-tl ''/'' ,/, a/at growth-stunting/jj protein/nn deficiency/nn (/( signs/nns :/: reddish/jj hair/nn ,/, bloated/vbn belly/nn )/) that/wps kills/vbz more/ap than/in half/abn its/pp$ victims/nns ,/, leaves/vbz the/at rest/nn prey/nn for/in parasites/nns and/cc lingering/vbg tropical/jj disease/nn ./.


	In/in the/at well-fed/jj U.S./np ,/, deficiency/nn diseases/nns have/hv virtually/rb vanished/vbn in/in the/at past/ap 20/cd years/nns ./.
Today/nr ,/, as/cs Harrison's/np$ Principles/nns-tl Of/in-tl Internal/jj-tl Medicine/nn-tl ,/, a/at standard/jj internist's/nn$ text/nn ,/, puts/vbz it/ppo ,/, ``/`` The/at most/ql common/jj form/nn of/in malnutrition/nn is/bez caloric/jj excess/nn or/cc obesity/nn ''/'' ./.


	Puritan/jj-tl New/jj-tl England/np-tl regarded/vbd obesity/nn as/cs a/at flagrant/jj symbol/nn of/in intemperance/nn ,/, and/cc thus/rb a/at sin/nn ./.
Says/nns Keys/np :/: ``/`` Maybe/rb if/cs the/at idea/nn got/vbd around/rb again/rb that/cs obesity/nn is/bez immoral/jj ,/, the/at fat/jj man/nn would/md start/vb to/to think/vb ''/'' ./.
Morals/nns aside/rb ,/, the/at fat/jj man/nn has/hvz plenty/nn to/to worry/vb about/in --/-- over/in and/cc above/in the/at fact/nn that/cs no/at one/pn any/ql longer/rbr loves/vbz him/ppo ./.
The/at simple/jj mechanical/jj strain/nn of/in overweight/nn ,/, says/vbz New/jj-tl York's/np$-tl Dr./nn-tl Norman/np Jolliffe/np ,/, can/md overburden/vb and/cc damage/vb the/at heart/nn ``/`` for/in much/ap the/at same/ap reason/nn that/cs a/at Chevrolet/np engine/nn in/in a/at Cadillac/np body/nn would/md wear/vb out/rp sooner/rbr than/cs if/cs it/pps were/bed in/in a/at body/nn for/in which/wdt it/pps was/bedz built/vbn ''/'' ./.
The/at fat/jj man/nn has/hvz trouble/nn buying/vbg life/nn insurance/nn or/cc has/hvz to/to pay/vb higher/jjr premiums/nns ./.
He/pps has/hvz --/-- for/in unclear/jj reasons/nns --/-- a/at 25%/nn higher/jjr death/nn rate/nn from/in cancer/nn ./.
He/pps is/bez particularly/ql vulnerable/jj to/in diabetes/nn ./.
He/pps may/md find/vb even/ql moderate/jj physical/jj exertion/nn uncomfortable/jj ,/, because/cs excess/jj body/nn fat/nn hampers/vbz his/pp$ breathing/nn and/cc restricts/vbz his/pp$ muscular/jj movement/nn ./.


	Physiologically/rb ,/, people/nns overeat/vb because/cs what/wdt Dr./nn-tl Jolliffe/np calls/vbz the/at ``/`` appestat/nn ''/'' is/bez set/vbn too/ql high/rb ./.
The/at appestat/nn ,/, which/wdt adjusts/vbz the/at appetite/nn to/to keep/vb weight/nn constant/jj ,/, is/bez located/vbn ,/, says/vbz Jolliffe/np ,/, in/in the/at hypothalamus/nn --/-- near/in the/at body's/nn$ temperature/nn ,/, sleep/nn and/cc water-balance/nn controls/nns ./.
Physical/jj exercise/nn raises/vbz the/at appestat/nn ./.
So/rb does/doz cold/jj weather/nn ./.
In/in moderate/jj doses/nns ,/, alcohol/nn narcotizes/vbz the/at appestat/nn and/cc enhances/vbz appetite/nn (/( the/at original/jj reason/nn for/in the/at cocktail/nn )/) ;/. ;/.
but/cc because/cs liquor/nn has/hvz a/at high/jj caloric/jj value/nn --/-- 100/cd calories/nns per/in oz./nn --/-- the/at heavy/jj drinker/nn is/bez seldom/rb hungry/jj ./.
In/in rare/jj cases/nns ,/, diseases/nns such/jj as/cs encephalitis/nn or/cc a/at pituitary/nn tumor/nn may/md damage/vb the/at appestat/nn permanently/rb ,/, destroying/vbg nearly/rb all/abn sense/nn of/in satiety/nn ./.



Food/nn-hl for/in-hl frustration/nn-hl ./.-hl

Far/ql more/ql frequently/rb ,/, overeating/vbg is/bez the/at result/nn of/in a/at psychological/jj compulsion/nn ./.
It/pps may/md be/be fostered/vbn by/in frustration/nn ,/, depression/nn ,/, insecurity/nn --/-- or/cc ,/, in/in children/nns ,/, simply/rb by/in the/at desire/nn to/to stop/vb an/at anxious/jj mother's/nn$ nagging/nn ./.
Some/dti families/nns place/vb undue/jj emphasis/nn on/in food/nn :/: conversations/nns center/vb on/in it/ppo ,/, and/cc rich/jj delicacies/nns are/ber offered/vbn as/cs rewards/nns ,/, withheld/vbn as/cs punishment/nn ./.
The/at result/nn says/vbz Jolliffe/np :/: ``/`` The/at child/nn gains/vbz the/at feeling/nn that/cs food/nn is/bez the/at purpose/nn of/in life/nn ''/'' ./.
Food/nn may/md act/vb as/cs a/at sedative/nn ,/, giving/vbg temporary/jj emotional/jj solace/nn ,/, just/rb as/cs ,/, for/in some/dti people/nns ,/, alcohol/nn does/doz ./.
Reports/vbz Dr./nn-tl Keys/np :/: ``/`` A/at fairly/ql common/jj experience/nn for/in us/ppo is/bez the/at wife/nn who/wps finds/vbz her/pp$ husband/nn staying/vbg out/rp more/rbr and/cc more/rbr ./.
He/pps may/md be/be interested/vbn in/in another/dt woman/nn ,/, or/cc just/rb like/cs being/beg with/in the/at boys/nns ./.
So/rb she/pps fishes/vbz around/rb in/in the/at cupboard/nn and/cc hauls/vbz out/rp a/at chocolate/nn cake/nn ./.
It's/pps+bez a/at matter/nn of/in boredom/nn ,/, and/cc the/at subconscious/jj feeling/nn that/cs she/pps is/bez entitled/vbn to/in something/pn ,/, because/cs she's/pps+bez being/beg deprived/vbn of/in something/pn else/rb ''/'' ./.


	For/in the/at army/nn of/in compulsive/jj eaters/nns --/-- from/in the/at nibblers/nns and/cc the/at gobblers/nns to/in the/at downright/jj gluttons/nns --/-- reducing/vbg is/bez a/at war/nn with/in the/at will/nn that/wps is/bez rarely/rb won/vbn ./.
Physiologist/nn Keys/np flatly/rb dismisses/vbz such/jj appetite/nn depressants/nns as/cs the/at amphetamines/nns (/( Benzedrine/np ,/, Dexedrine/np )/) as/cs dangerous/jj ``/`` crutches/nns for/in a/at weak/jj will/nn ''/'' ./.


	Keys/np has/hvz no/at such/jj objections/nns to/in Metrecal/np ,/, Quaker/np-tl Oats's/nn$-tl Quota/nn-tl and/cc other/ap 900-calorie/jj milk/nn formulas/nns that/wps are/ber currently/rb winning/vbg favor/nn from/in dieters/nns ./.
``/`` Metrecal/np is/bez a/at pretty/ql complete/jj food/nn ''/'' ,/, he/pps says/vbz ./.
``/`` It/pps contains/vbz large/jj amounts/vbz of/in protein/nn ,/, vitamins/nns and/cc minerals/nns ./.
In/in the/at quantity/nn of/in 900/cd calories/nns a/at day/nn ,/, anyone/pn will/md lose/vb weight/nn on/in it/ppo --/-- 20/cd ,/, 30/cd or/cc 40/cd lbs./nns ''/'' ./.
But/cc Keys/np worries/vbz that/cs the/at Metrecal/np drinker/nn will/md never/rb make/vb either/cc the/at psychological/jj or/cc physiological/jj adjustment/nn to/in the/at idea/nn of/in eating/vbg smaller/jjr portions/nns of/in food/nn ./.



That/dt-hl remarkable/jj-hl cholesterol/nn-hl ./.-hl

Despite/in his/pp$ personal/jj distaste/nn for/in obesity/nn (/( ``/`` disgusting/jj ''/'' )/) ,/, Dr./nn-tl Keys/np has/hvz only/rb an/at incidental/jj interest/nn in/in how/wql much/ap Americans/nps eat/vb ./.
What/wdt concerns/vbz him/ppo much/ql more/rbr is/bez the/at relationship/nn of/in diet/nn to/in the/at nation's/nn$ No./nn-tl 1/cd killer/nn :/: coronary/nn artery/nn disease/nn ,/, which/wdt accounts/vbz for/in more/ap than/in half/abn of/in all/abn heart/nn fatalities/nns and/cc kills/vbz 500,000/cd Americans/nps a/at year/nn --/-- twice/rb the/at toll/nn from/in all/abn varieties/nns of/in cancer/nn ,/, five/cd times/nns the/at deaths/nns from/in automobile/nn accidents/nns ./.


	Cholesterol/nn ,/, the/at cornerstone/nn of/in Dr./nn-tl Keys's/np$ theory/nn ,/, is/bez a/at mysterious/jj yellowish/jj ,/, waxy/jj substance/nn ,/, chemically/rb a/at crystalline/jj alcohol/nn ./.
Scientists/nns assume/vb that/cs cholesterol/nn (/( from/in the/at Greek/np chole/fw-nn ,/, meaning/vbg bile/nn ,/, and/cc sterios/fw-jj-nc ,/, meaning/vbg solid/nn )/) is/bez somehow/rb necessary/jj for/in the/at formation/nn of/in brain/nn cells/nns ,/, since/cs it/pps accounts/vbz for/in about/rb 2%/nn of/in the/at brain's/nn$ total/nn solid/nn weight/nn ./.
They/ppss know/vb it/pps is/bez the/at chief/jjs ingredient/nn in/in gallstones/nns ./.
They/ppss suspect/vb it/pps plays/vbz a/at role/nn in/in the/at production/nn of/in adrenal/nn hormones/nns ,/, and/cc they/ppss believe/vb it/pps is/bez essential/jj to/in the/at transport/nn of/in fats/nns throughout/in the/at circulatory/jj system/nn ./.
But/cc they/ppss cannot/md* fully/rb explain/vb the/at process/nn of/in its/pp$ manufacture/nn by/in the/at human/jj liver/nn ./.
Although/cs the/at fatty/jj protein/nn molecules/nns ,/, carried/vbn in/in the/at blood/nn and/cc partly/rb composed/vbn of/in cholesterol/nn ,/, are/ber water/nn soluble/jj ,/, cholesterol/nn itself/ppl is/bez insoluble/jj ,/, and/cc cannot/md* be/be destroyed/vbn by/in the/at body/nn ./.
``/`` A/at remarkable/jj substance/nn ''/'' ,/, says/vbz Dr./nn-tl Keys/np ,/, ``/`` quite/ql apart/rb from/in its/pp$ tendency/nn to/to be/be deposited/vbn in/in the/at walls/nns of/in arteries/nns ''/'' ./.


	When/wrb thus/rb deposited/vbn ,/, Keys/np says/vbz that/cs cholesterol/nn is/bez mainly/rb responsible/jj for/in the/at arterial/jj blockages/nns that/wps culminate/vb in/in heart/nn attacks/nns ./.
Explains/vbz Keys/np :/: As/cs the/at fatty/jj protein/nn molecules/nns travel/vb in/in the/at bloodstream/nn ,/, they/ppss are/ber deposited/vbn in/in the/at intima/nn ,/, or/cc inner/jj wall/nn of/in a/at coronary/nn artery/nn ./.
The/at proteins/nns and/cc fats/nns are/ber burned/vbn off/rp ,/, and/cc the/at cholesterol/nn is/bez left/vbn behind/rb ./.
As/cs cholesterol/nn piles/vbz up/rp ,/, it/pps narrows/vbz ,/, irritates/vbz and/cc damages/vbz the/at artery/nn ,/, encouraging/vbg formation/nn of/in calcium/nn deposits/nns and/cc slowing/vbg circulation/nn ./.
Eventually/rb ,/, says/vbz Keys/np ,/, one/cd of/in two/cd things/nns happens/vbz ./.
A/at clot/nn forms/vbz at/in the/at site/nn ,/, seals/vbz off/rp the/at flow/nn of/in blood/nn to/in the/at heart/nn and/cc provokes/vbz a/at heart/nn attack/nn ./.
Or/cc (/( more/ql commonly/rb ,/, thinks/vbz Keys/np )/) the/at deposits/nns themselves/ppls get/vb so/ql big/jj that/cs they/ppss choke/vb off/rp the/at artery's/nn$ flow/nn to/in the/at point/nn that/cs an/at infarct/nn occurs/vbz :/: the/at heart/nn muscle/nn is/bez suffocated/vbn ,/, cells/nns supplied/vbn by/in the/at artery/nn die/vb ,/, and/cc the/at heart/nn is/bez permanently/rb ,/, perhaps/rb fatally/rb injured/vbn ./.



Fats/nns-hl &/cc-hl coronaries/nns-hl ./.-hl

Ordinarily/rb ,/, the/at human/jj liver/nn synthesizes/vbz only/rb enough/ap cholesterol/nn to/to satisfy/vb the/at body's/nn$ needs/nns --/-- for/in transportation/nn of/in fats/nns and/cc for/in production/nn of/in bile/nn ./.
Even/rb eggs/nns and/cc other/ap cholesterol-rich/jj foods/nns ,/, eaten/vbn in/in normal/jj amounts/vbz ,/, says/vbz Dr./nn-tl Keys/np ,/, do/do not/* materially/rb affect/vb the/at amount/nn of/in cholesterol/nn in/in the/at blood/nn ./.
But/cc fatty/jj foods/nns do/do ./.


	During/in World/nn-tl War/nn-tl 2/cd-tl ,/, ,/, doctors/nns in/in The/at-tl Netherlands/np-tl and/cc Scandinavia/np noted/vbd a/at curious/jj fact/nn :/: despite/in the/at stresses/nns of/in Nazi/np occupation/nn ,/, the/at death/nn rate/nn from/in coronary/nn artery/nn disease/nn was/bedz slowly/rb dropping/vbg ./.
Not/* until/in long/ql after/in the/at war/nn --/-- 1950/cd ,/, in/in fact/nn --/-- did/dod they/ppss get/vb a/at hint/nn of/in the/at reason/nn ./.
That/dt year/nn ,/, Sweden's/np$ Haqvin/np Malmros/np showed/vbd that/cs the/at sinking/vbg death/nn rate/nn neatly/rb coincided/vbd with/in increasingly/ql severe/jj restrictions/nns on/in fatty/jj foods/nns ./.
That/dt same/ap year/nn the/at University/nn-tl of/in-tl California's/np$-tl Dr./nn-tl Laurance/np Kinsell/np ,/, timing/vbg oxidation/nn rates/nns of/in blood/nn fats/nns ,/, stumbled/vbd onto/in the/at discovery/nn that/cs many/ap vegetable/nn fats/nns cause/vb blood/nn cholesterol/nn levels/nns to/to drop/vb radically/rb ,/, while/cs animal/nn fats/nns cause/vb them/ppo to/to rise/vb ./.
Here/rb Keys/np and/cc others/nns ,/, such/jj as/cs Dr./nn-tl A./np E./np Ahrens/np of/in the/at Rockefeller/np-tl Institute/nn-tl ,/, took/vbd over/rp to/to demonstrate/vb the/at chemical/nn difference/nn between/in vegetable/nn and/cc animal/nn fats/nns --/-- and/cc even/rb between/in different/jj varieties/nns of/in each/dt ./.


	All/abn natural/jj food/nn fats/nns fall/vb into/in one/cd of/in three/cd categories/nns --/-- saturated/vbn ,/, mono-unsaturated/jj and/cc poly-unsaturated/jj ./.
The/at degree/nn of/in saturation/nn depends/vbz on/in the/at number/nn of/in hydrogen/nn atoms/nns on/in the/at fat/nn molecule/nn ./.
Saturated/vbn fats/nns can/md accommodate/vb no/at more/ap hydrogens/nns ./.
Mono-unsaturated/jj fats/nns have/hv room/nn for/in two/cd more/ap hydrogens/nns on/in each/dt molecule/nn ,/, and/cc the/at poly-unsaturated/jj fat/nn molecule/nn has/hvz room/nn for/in at/in least/ap four/cd hydrogens/nns ./.


	The/at three/cd fats/nns have/hv similar/jj caloric/jj values/nns (/( about/rb 265/cd calories/nns per/in oz./nn )/) ,/, but/cc each/dt exerts/vbz a/at radically/ql different/jj influence/nn on/in blood/nn cholesterol/nn ./.